Aldehydes (p. 33)  Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group (C=O) attached to the beginning (1 st Carbon) or end (last Carbon) of a parent carbon chain.  General form: OO R-C-H H-C-R  Naming:  Drop the “e” from the alkane name and add “al”

Example O C-C-H Ethane Ethanal

Name: O C O C-C-C-C 2-methyl-1,4-butanedial (you are supposed to keep the “e”)

Ketones  Organic compounds in which the carbonyl group is attached to carbons within the parent carbon chain (not at the beginning or end).  General form: O R-C-R’  Naming:  Drop the “e” from the alkane name and add “one”.  Give the position # for the carbonyl.

Example: O C-C-C 2-propanone

Example: C O O C-C-C-C-C-C 5-methyl-2,3-hexanedione

Carboxylic Acids (p. 34)  Carboxyl group: O or O C-OH HO-C  Organic compounds that contain a carboxyl functional group.  Can only be on the ends.

Carboxylic Acids (p. 44) O  General formula: R-C-OH  Naming: o If one carboxyl group Drop the “e” from the alkane name and add “-oic acid”. (No number needed for the carboxyl group)

Example: O C-C-C-C-C-C-OH hexanoic acid

Example: C O C-C-C-C-C-C-OH 5-methyl hexanoic acid

o If more that one carboxyl group. One on each end of the parent chain. -dioic acid.

Example: O HO-C-C-C-C-OH 1,4-butanedioic acid

Example: O C-C O HO-C-C-C-C-C-C-OH 2-ethyl-1,6-hexanedioic acid

Draw: 4-ethyl-5-methyl-4-propyl octanedial C O C C O C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C C-C-C

Draw: 6-chloro-4,4-dimethyl- 2,3-hexanedione O O C Cl C-C-C-C-C-C C

Draw: 4-bromo-2-ethyl-4-iodopentanoic acid Br O C-C-C-C-C-OH I C C