Drug and Chemical Residues in Milk and Meat Heidi Kassenborg DVM, MPH Director Dairy and Food Inspection Division Minnesota Department of Agriculture

Minnesota

Minnesota Agricultural Production Ranking in US Ranking Value of all Agricultural products sold 7 Corn for grain4 Soybeans for grain3 Milk & Dairy products6 Sugar beets1 Turkeys1 Hogs and pigs3

Regulatory Responsibility Farm Processor Distributor Retail Restaurant/ Food Service

Mission of the “… to enhance the quality of life for all Minnesotans by ensuring the integrity of our food supply, the health of our environment, and the strength of our agricultural economy.” Mission

Chemical Residues Growth Promotants Arsenicals, Antibiotics, Clenbuterol Drugs Antimicrobials (Antibiotics, sulfonamides, coccidiostat, anthelmentics, carbadox, phenylbutazone, Halafuginone Insecticide Chlorinated Hydrocarbons and organophosphates

Drug Residues and Human Health Acute pharmacological effects (Toxicity) – Hypersensitivity/allergenicity – Beta-agonist compound, Clenbuterol Long-term chronic effects – Hormones – Teratogens – Cancer Microbial effects – Human intestinal flora – Resistant populations

Pasteurized Milk Ordinance “Industry shall screen all bulk milk pickup tankers, regardless of final use, for Beta lactam drug residues.” Beta lactam drugs – “Penicillin-type ” antibiotics

Milk from several dairy farms are collected into a dairy milk tanker and taken to processor Before tanker is hooked up to pump milk into silo at processor, milk is tested for antibiotics If test is positive, milk is destroyed – Dairy farmer pays for entire tanker of milk

Total discard for drugs = 0.02% of all milk

Dairy Regulation in the United States State inspectors conduct almost all farm and milk processor inspections Dairy Farms are inspected either 2x/year (fluid milk) and 1x/year (manufacturing grade) – Veterinary drug labeling and storage Milk processors and manufacturing facilities are inspected 4x/year

Who inspects the inspectors? Internal auditors, called Interstate Milk Shipment Rating Officers Audit farms, processing plants, inspectors ability to inspect, regulatory and enforcement program – Failure to pass can result in no fluid milk from that processor Food and Drug Administration Milk Specialists audit State Dairy Regulatory Programs

Producer Quality Assurance Programs Quality Assurance Programs for Producers – For example, the Milk & Dairy Beef® Quality Assurance Program Producer Manual of Best Management Practices (aka 10- point Plan) Required for Milk Producers when they get an antibiotic positive load Milk & Dairy Beef Quality Assurance Center, Inc. 801 Shakespeare Ave Stratford, Iowa

Audit Report KC March 2010

USDA Inspector General National Residue Program Audit “Based on our review, we found that the national residue program is not accomplishing its mission of monitoring the food supply for harmful residues. “

Drug Residue Rates in Meat

Supplemental Drug Residue Testing Target dairies with a history of drug residue violations Collect sample from bulk tank Use newly developed test that includes non-beta lactam type antibiotics and other chemicals – Ampicillin, Cephapirin, Cloxacillin, Penicillin G, Erythromycin, Tylosin, Enrofloxacin, Sarafloxacin, Chlortetracycline, Oxytetracycline, Tetracycline, Doxycycline, Sulfachloropyridazine, Sulfadiazine, Sulfamerazine, Sulfadimethoxine, Sulfamethazine, Sulfapyridine, Suflaquinoxaline, Sulfathiazole, Tripelennamine, Thiabendazole, Pirlimycin, Flunixin, Bacitracin, Virginiamycin, and Tilmicosin

Solution to Drug and Chemical Residues No easy solution for drug and chemical residues in milk System of control points, HACCP for the dairy supply Education producers, veterinarians, consumers Incentive to do the right thing has to be greater than doing the wrong thing