Atomic Structure Preparing for Bonding Douglas J. Burks BIO231 Wilmington College

Basics Three subatomic Particles – 1. Proton A. Mass: ~ 1 AMU B. Charge: +1 C. Location: Nucleus – 2. Neutron A. Mass: ~1 AMU B. Charge: no net charge C. Location Nucleus – 3. Electron A. Mass: very small B. Charge -1 C. Location: in “orbits” Opposite charge particles attract Like charged particles repel Systems want net neutrality All systems want to be in lowest energy (most stable)

Electron Cloud Property of Electron – With little mass Dual behavior – Particle – Wave Probability 3 wave functions

Shells and orbitals Shell

Shells and Orbitals

Basics Periodic Table s sp p p p p p d d d d d f f f f f f f

Electron Filling Rules – Lowest energy – No net charge – One electron per possible wave solution Shell, orbital spin (two per orbital) – s (1 per shell) = 2 electrons – p (3 per shell) = 6 electrons – d (5 per shell) = 10 electrons – f (7 per shell) = 14 electrons Shells – 1 has only s – 2 has only s and p – 3 has only s, p and d – 4 has s, p, d, and f – 5 has s, p, d, and f