Spanish California: 1769-1824 1770: Golden Age of Spanish Empire.

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Presentation transcript:

Spanish California: : Golden Age of Spanish Empire

Colonization of Alta California: 10 year project 1769-? Why 1769? –Alta California never directly colonized –Fear of competition—Russians, English –Fear of independence –Must Hispanisize the native population

Four Tiered Project: Presidios Missions Pueblos Ranchos

Colonial Project’s Goals 1.Save souls through conversion to Christianity 2.Create a ‘Gente de Razon’, Hispanisize native populations 3.Teach farming and agriculture 4.Eventually create private property from mission lands 5.Recruit some Spaniards--Rancheros

4 Presidios: –San Diego, Santa Barbara, Monterey, San Francisco 3 Pueblos: –Branciforte (Santa Cruz), Los Angeles, San Jose 22 Missions: –San Diego 1769 to Solano (Sonoma) 1823 Ranchos: –Only 20 families until 1824

Drake’s Arrival Artist’s conception of Miwok Indians greeting Sir Francis Drake, 1579

Miwok Sunday Service, Mission Dolores (SF), 1816

Missionization of CA Indians –Control of sex, gender roles –Agriculture –Demographic collapse –Spanish, Catholic Church rationalization

Mission La Purisma near Lompoc, CA

Mission San Diego

San Gabriel Mission

Santa Barbara Mission

California Mission Postcards: Carmel

Monterey

San Francisco

San Louis Obispo

Santa Cruz

Pueblos 1.Spanish on the ground—beginnings of a civil society 2.Problematic Missions 3.Los Angeles Pueblo, Racial Diversity in Pueblos (esp LA)

Pueblo LA 1847

L.A. 1857

Ranchos –Difficult to recruit Spanish Only 20 families from get land grants Nieto Family: Long Beach to Orange County Dominguez Family: San Pedro, Palos Verdes (75,000 acres) –Ideas of property ownership Very casual Culture of Honor; Romantic Image –Rising tensions Padres vs Rancheros

Dominguez Estate

Mexican Era: Independence: Secularization: Native Californians Golden Age of the Californio

Native Laborer on Rancho

The Romantic Californio

Californio

General Vallejo

Californio Map

Pio Pico and Family, ca 1850