CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCING PSYCHOLOGY Amber GilewskiTompkins Cortland Community College.

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Presentation transcript:

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCING PSYCHOLOGY Amber GilewskiTompkins Cortland Community College

Are psychologists scientists? What are the typical traits and characteristics of each one? PSYCHOLOGISTSCIENTIST

PSYCHOLOGY DEFINED Literal meaning is “the study of the mind” Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes Prior to 1879 –Physiology and philosophy scholars studying questions about the mind Wilhelm Wundt ( ) University of Leipzig, Germany –Campaigned to make psychology an independent discipline –Established the first laboratory for the study of psychology in 1879

Behaviorism John Broadus Watson Behaviorism focuses on learning observable (measurable) behavior B.F. Skinner –Learned behavior is behavior that is reinforced

Psychodynamic Sigmund Freud: founder of psychoanalysis Neo-Freudians/Neoanalysts: Carl Jung, Alfred Adler, Erik Erickson, Karen Horney Psychoanalysis – Influence of unconscious motives and conflicts –Theory of personality –Therapy

Cognitive Perspective Concerned with ways we mentally represent the world and process information –Memory, perceptions, learning, problem solving, decision making, language, planning

Differences in Degrees in Mental Health Field Master’s degree 2-3 years of graduate work -therapists, researchers, etc. Ph.D. (Doctor of Philosophy) 4-5 years of graduate work -research degree Psy.D. (Doctor of Psychology) -4-5 years of graduate work focus on treating disorders M.D. – (psychiatrist) medical school – 4 years then 4 years of clinical training in mental health -treatment of disorders using a biological approach

Figure 1.8 Major research areas in contemporary psychology

Figure 1.9 Principal professional specialties in contemporary psychology

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