Chapter 22 The Diversity of Life

(V) Kingdom Animalia 9 Major Phyla: Multicellular Ingests food

(V) Kingdom Animalia

22.1 Overview of the Animal Kingdom Animals are defined by these characteristics: 1.Are multicellular (diploid) with tissues arranged into organs and organ systems. 2.Are aerobic and heterotrophic. 3.Reproduce sexually, and in some cases asexually, or both. 4.Most are motile during at least part of their life cycle. 5.Life cycles include a period of: embryonic development; germ tissue layers (ectoderm, endoderm, mesoderm) 6. Are Vertebrates or Invertebrates

22.1 Overview of the Animal Kingdom Your Turn to teach Body Plans Type of Gut Tissue layers Body Cavities Segmentation Phylum Characteristics –Structurally Numbers of Species Etc

Body Symmetry Body Symmetry - the body plan of an animal, how its parts are arranged

Body Symmetry 1.Asymmetry (sym =with, together, metry = measure) no pattern,no central axis 2.Radial symmetry (radia = spoke, radius;) do have distinct top and bottom sides, but have no distinct left and right. 3.Bilateral symmetry (bi = two; later = side) do have distinct left and right sides, Body Symmetry - the body plan of an animal, how its parts are arranged

Symmetry

Positional terminology anterior - toward the head posterior - toward the tail dorsal - back side ventral - belly side

Blastopore

One way Digestive System

Speciation Insects Chordates Protists Invertebrates Arthropod PopulationPopulation

Speciation Insects PopulationPopulation Invertebrates 1.Sponges 2.Cnidarians -Coelenterates 3.Flatworms - Platyhelminthes 4.Annelids–Segments Galore 5.Mollusks, classes? 6.Roundworms - Nematods 7.Arthropods—The Most Successful Animals Crustaceans Spiders Insects 8. Echinoderms Vertebrates Chordates

Porifera Sponges Simplest of all animals No true organ systems 8000 sp. Sessile Filter feeders Asexual and sexually reproduction

Phylum: Cnidarians (Coelenterates) 11,000 sp. Two cell layers thick Hollow body cavity with one opening. Ex: Hydra, coral Jellyfish, anemone, Portuguese man of war

Phylum: Cnidarians (Coelenterates)

Coral, Jellyfish Sea anemone, hydra

Platyhelminthes, (flatworms) 15,000 sp. Flatworms, tapeworms, flukes Bi-laterally symmetrical 3 layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm,) Have distinct functioning systems. Motile Mostly parasitic Predominantly hermaphroditic Primitive gut or gut absent Asexual and Hermaphrodites

Platyhelminthes, (flatworms)

Phylum: Nematoda, (roundworms)

20,000 sp. Roundworms, Trichnosis Round unsegmented worms Parasitic Has a complex life cycle

Nematodes Life Cycle

. Introduction to Arthropods... the REAL rulers of the Earth

Segmented body Jointed appendages (legs) Exoskeleton (chitin) Ex: Grasshopper Spiders Lobster, Shrimp, Barnacles Introduction to Arthropods... the REAL rulers of the Earth.

Major Classes Crustaceans Insecta Arachnida Chilipoda Diploda

Barnacles “Ouchies”

Annelids, Ex : Earthworm Leech, sandworm marine worm Worms with segmented bodies. Openings at both ends. One digestive System Thin flexible cuticle covering the body allowing for flexible movement and gas exchange, setae allow movement, 4pr/segment. Approximately 15, 000 species Hermaphrodites and separate sexes

Earthworms

Phylum Mollusks soft bodied animals, generally enclosed in a hard, protective shell. The shell maybe one unit, two hinged together or even eight in a row In most species this mantle covers and shelters its gills. The body plan of a Mollusca is divided into: the head strong muscular foot visceral mass. organ systems are well developed Mollusks are also unique because of their specialized tongue called radulla.

Phylum Mollusks Gastropod: snails, slugs, nudibranch Chitons: chiton Bivalves: oysters, clams Cephalopod: Squid octopus,

Examples

Phylum Echinoderms (Spiny / skin) all starfish, sea urchins, sand dollar, sea cucumber Brittle star Sea Biscuit Sand $ sea cucumber

Phylum Echinoderms 7000 species, including fossil records calcareous endoskeleton composed of separate plates radial symmetry water vascular system ("tube feet") decentralized nervous system Regenerative, sexual and asexual gut complete Marine

Sun Star