Word-formation process & Morphology

What do we mean by word formation? word formation is the creation of a new word. Word formation is sometimes contrasted with semantic change, which is a change in a single word's meaning

Etymology The study of the origin and history of a word What is the etymology of school, scol, from L. schola, from Gk. skhole university, from Anglo-Fr. université, O.Fr. universitei (13c.), from M.L. universitatem (nom. universitas), in L.L. "corporation, society," from L., "the whole, aggregate," from universus "whole, entire"

Word formation processes Coinage: the invention of totally new words such as trade names for commercial products: aspirin, nylon, vaseline…etc. It also includes names based on a place or a person (eponyms) like sandwich and jeans Borrowing: (loan translation or Calque) -croissant, Sofa - skyscrapers, hot dogs

Word formation processes Compounding: joining of two separate words to produce a single form: bookcase, fingerprint, and sunburn Blending: a combination of two separate forms to produce a single new term.(by taking the beginning of one word and joining it to the end of the other word: smog, brunch, chunnel

Clipping: Such as fax (facsmili), ad, phone, plane,Ed, Liz, Sam Backformation: television: televise, donation: donate Conversion: butter, chair, bottle (V to N without reduction) Acronyms: CD, VCR, RADAR, LASER Derivation: affixes: un-, mis-, -ful, -ish.

What is Morphology? - word-like elements - basic forms in language The study of forms Linguistics elements: morphemes

MORPHEMES A minimal unit of meaning or grammatical function Morphs and allomorphs

Free and bound morphemes Free: open and tour Bound: re-, -ist, -ed. Consider these words. Which are bound and which are free Careful carelessness detangle uncover uselessness nonsensical anticonstitutionalism

Other languages Kanuri Ganda Ilocano Tagalog

Assignment Research task: D p 70 Discussion topics/projects: #1 p71