Angie Mangiantini

ARE WE DOING ENOUGH? 2 adm062010

3

Focus of Presentation Music Music Visual Arts Visual Arts Research and Considerations Research and Considerations NAEP Arts Assessment Results NAEP Arts Assessment Results Washington State Arts Program Washington State Arts Program District Arts Data District Arts Data 4 adm062010

Research and Considerations 5 adm062010

Are We Doing Enough? Research over the last ten years – Transfer* of skills learned in the arts – Mathematics – Reading – Writing – Executive Control – Cognitive Development – Spatial Temporal Reasoning *transfer denotes instances where learning in one context assists learning in a different context 1 6 adm062010

Major Studies (Not an inclusive list) SAT Study (2000) – found students with 4 or more years of arts scored higher on assessments Critical Links (2002) – meta-analysis of studies focusing on the academic and social effects of arts learning experiences Dana Foundation (2008)– 7 studies searching for causality between art training and changes in the brain NEUROEDUCATION: Learning, Arts and the Brain - Findings and Challenges for Educators and Researchers from the 2009 Johns Hopkins University Summit – explores the intersection of cognitive neuroscience, the arts and learning. This was an expansion on Dana report released in adm062010

Conclusion: Students who take any kind of art course in high school for at least four years have higher SAT scores than those who take no art courses Results purely correlational May be other possible explanations besides exposure to arts 8 adm062010

9

10 adm062010

Critical Links (2002) – meta-analysis of studies focusing on the academic and social effects of arts learning experiences Includes 62 research studies Summarized by James Catteral, Lois Hetland and Ellen Winner Divided into five art form areas Dance Drama Visual Arts Music Multi-Arts 11 adm062010

Critical Links: Findings in Music Research 12 adm062010

Critical Links: Findings in Visual Arts 13 …presents clear evidence that skills learned through the arts can transfer to science adm062010

14 adm062010

Dana Foundation (2008) Brought together neuroscientists from 7 universities to answer the question: Why arts training is associated with higher academic performance? 15 adm062010

Findings hint at relationships 1. Interest in performing arts lead to a high state of motivation and training in motivation leads to improvement of other domains of cognition 2. Genetic studies have begun which may help explain differences in interest in the arts 3. Specific links exist between high levels of music training and the ability to manipulate information in both working and long term memory 4. In children, there appear to be specific links between the practice of music and skill in geometrical representation 5. Correlations exist between music training and both reading acquisition and sequence learning 16 adm062010

17 adm062010

Elements of the Arts Theory 1.There are specific brain networks for different art forms 2.There is a general factor of interest in arts 3.When this general factor of arts is high, training in a specific art form produces high interest or motivation 4.This interest or motivation sustains attention 5.High sustained attention in conflict related tasks improves cognition 18 adm062010

Arts training works through the training of attention to improve cognition for children with interest and abilities in the arts. Future study: Role of genes and the interaction of genes and environment in influencing attention to the arts. 19 CONCLUSIONS: adm062010

Explore the intersection of cognitive neuroscience, the arts and learning Explore the intersection of cognitive neuroscience, the arts and learning Emerging field of neuroeducation - explores how children learn and what practices promote and sustain the learning process Emerging field of neuroeducation - explores how children learn and what practices promote and sustain the learning process Interdisciplinary field which combines neuroscience, psychology and education Interdisciplinary field which combines neuroscience, psychology and education 3 20 adm062010

Summit Outcomes Summit Outcomes 1.Educators and researchers must communicate and collaborate 2.Translation of research must occur in different forms 3.Lab schools should be cultivated as authentic settings for research and development of integrated academic models 4.Arts learning must be better understood before we can integrate it into the curriculum 21 adm062010

22 adm062010

23 adm062010

NAEP Arts Assessment Results adm062010

7,900 8 th graders in 260 schools participated in the Arts assessment  7,900 8 th graders in 260 schools participated in the Arts assessment Music: 4,000 students Music: 4,000 students Visual Arts: 3,900 students Visual Arts: 3,900 students  Two separate scores reported Average responding score – Music and Visual Arts Average responding score – Music and Visual Arts Scale Scale Average creating task score – Visual Arts Average creating task score – Visual Arts Scale Scale SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Statistics, National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), 2008 Arts Assessment. 25 adm062010

 Overall Results (Public Schools):  Music average responding scale score: 149  Visual Arts average responding scale score: 149  Visual Arts average creating task score: 52  Reported as the average percentage of the maximum possible score (100) SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Statistics, National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), 2008 Arts Assessment. 26 adm062010

27 Responding Score Results in Music SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Statistics, National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), 2008 Arts Assessment. adm062010

28 Responding Score Results in Visual Arts SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Statistics, National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), 2008 Arts Assessment. adm062010

2008 results could not be compared to 1997 results – Change in scoring procedure and materials Answers to multiple choice items could be compared SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Statistics, National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), 2008 Arts Assessment. 29 adm062010

Comparison of Responses on the 2008 Music Multiple Choice Items to the 1997 Assessment Percentage correct higher in 1997 Percentage correct higher in adm062010

Comparison of Responses on the 2008 Visual Arts Multiple Choice Items to the 1997 Assessment Percentage correct higher in adm062010

WEST 142 MIDWEST 157 SOUTH 146 NORTHEAST 154 Number of states by region SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Statistics, National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), 2008 Arts Assessment NAEP Arts Assessment: Music Scale Scores 32 adm062010

WEST 142 MIDWEST 153 SOUTH 146 NORTHEAST 160 Number of states by region SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Statistics, National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), 2008 Arts Assessment NAEP Arts Assessment: Visual Arts Scale Scores 33 adm062010

2008 Grade 8 Student Populations by Region and Type of School Location NORTHEASTMIDWESTSOUTHWESTTOTAL CITY SCHOOLS 170,262170,632333,847347,2011,021,942 SUBURB SCHOOLS 296,382290,075480,739289,3341,356,530 TOWN SCHOOLS 37,836238,888106,83197,928481,483 RURAL SCHOOLS 126,120153,569413,970155,795849,454 Common Core of Data (CCD), "Public Elementary/Secondary School Universe Survey", v.1a 34 adm062010

Average Scale Score Results by Location of School CITY MUSIC = 139 CITY VISUAL ARTS = 141 SUBURB MUSIC = 154 SUBURB VISUAL ARTS = 154 TOWN MUSIC = 156 TOWN VISUAL ARTS = 149 RURAL MUSIC = 149 RURAL VISUAL ARTS = 152 SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Statistics, National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), 2008 Arts Assessment. 35 adm062010

Does your district or state have a curriculum in any of the following subject areas that your school is expected to follow? Music (school-reported) Percent by Region answering Yes: Northeast – 87% Midwest – 65% South – 78% West – 60% Total Grade 8 Students Without Music In Their Curriculum: 1,030,567 SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Statistics, National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), 2008 Arts Assessment. 36 adm062010

How often does a typical eighth-grade student in your school receive instruction in each of the following subjects? Music (school-reported) Values: 3-4 Times A Week Percent by Region answering Yes: Northeast – 22% Midwest – 22% South – 16% West – 31% Total Grade 8 Students Not Receiving Music Instruction 3-4 Times Per Week: 2,893,145 SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Statistics, National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), 2008 Arts Assessment. 37 adm062010

In the last year, did your school sponsor eighth-grade field trips in connection with any of the following subject areas? Music (school-reported) Percent by Region answering Yes: Northeast – 56% Midwest – 66% South – 70% West – 63% Total Grade 8 Students Without The Opportunity To Participate in a Music Field Trip: 1,008,735 1,008,735 SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Statistics, National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), 2008 Arts Assessment. 38 adm062010

Does your district or state have a curriculum in any of the following subject areas that your school is expected to follow? Visual arts (school-reported) Percent by Region answering Yes: Northeast – 92% Midwest – 78% South – 70% West – 59% Total Grade 8 Students Without Visual Arts In Their Curriculum: 1,012,447 SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Statistics, National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), 2008 Arts Assessment. 39 adm062010

How often does a typical eighth-grade student in your school receive instruction in each of the following subjects? Visual Arts (school-reported) Value: 3-4 Times A Week Percent by Region answering Yes: Northeast – 21% Midwest – 13% South – 13% West – 27% Total Grade 8 Students Not Receiving Instruction In Visual Arts 3-4 Times a Week: 3,049,998 3,049,998 SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Statistics, National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), 2008 Arts Assessment. 40 adm062010

In the last year, how many times did you go with your class to an art museum, gallery, or exhibit? (student-reported) Value: 1 or 2 times Percent by Region answering Yes: Northeast – 14% Midwest – 14% South – 14% West – 14% Total Grade 8 Students Without The Opportunity To Go To a Museum: 3,115,794 SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Statistics, National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), 2008 Arts Assessment. 41 adm062010

NORTHEAST SOUTH MIDWEST WEST 42 adm062010

In the last year, did your school sponsor eighth-grade field trips in connection with any of the following subject areas? Visual arts (school-reported) Percent by Region answering Yes: Northeast – 58% Midwest – 36% South – 33% West – 41% Total Grade 8 Students Without The Opportunity To Go On a Visual Arts Field Trip: 2,233,597 SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Statistics, National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), 2008 Arts Assessment. 43 adm062010

Out of 50 states only six do not have state statutes requiring Arts Education Source: Education Commission of the States 700 Broadway, Suite 810 Denver, CO Fax: adm062010

45 CONTACT INFORMATION: Angie Mangiantini, NAEP State Coordinator Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction 600 Washington Street SE Olympia, WA