California Digital Library Stewardship of Scholarly and Cultural Assets at the University of California Catherine H.Candee Director, Publishing and Strategic Initiatives Office of Scholarly Communication University of California Catherine H.Candee Director, Publishing and Strategic Initiatives Office of Scholarly Communication University of California

Scholarly Communication – a system in crisis The crisis reduces the university community’s access to scholarly materials and limits the dissemination of scholarship A failure to respond will jeopardize the pre- eminence of our research institutions, their contributions to scholarly inquiry, their effectiveness in teaching and learning, and their broader service to the public. Gift culture of the academy is at stake

Why tackle scholarly communication at UC? A question of scale 32 million items held by UC; shared CD strategies constrained; redundant print collections undermine development of collections needed for research & teaching UC serials expenditures > $20 million, even with economies of scale 50% of budget for online materials are for journals receiving only 25% of the use. UC faculty > 13% of senior editors at top 2,000 journals and a significant % of authors

Who’s Digital Assets are they? Born-digital scholarship is proliferating, often without a print analog or adequate processes for digitally preserving it Research and scholarly products must be managed in trusted repositories, in the academic/non-commercial sector. The university has a stake in ensuring the long term management of the products of research & teaching– its primary activities

California Digital Library  In 1997, the California Digital Library (CDL) was charged with creating a comprehensive system for the management of scholarly information  CDL supports the assembly and creative use of the world's scholarship and knowledge for UC libraries and the communities they serve.  CDL = collections, tools & services.

A brief portrait of CDL Collections include more than 230,000 online books, 8,000 scholarly journals, 4,500 statistical files, as well as 250 A & I databases, and over 1,000,000 digital surrogates for works in art & architecture Tools enable the creation, capture, organization, customization, annotation, presentation, and long- term management of persistent, interoperable, and high-quality digital information Services encourage the effective adaptation and use of CDL tools in three application areas – scholarly and educational publishing; content capture, aggregation and site building; digital preservation

Online Archive of California (OAC) Resource of finding aids and digital content Free to students, teachers and researchers Dates from 1995: birth of Encoded Archival Description (EAD) standard Today: 94 repositories; 8,000 finding aids; 150,000 images; 75,000 pages of texts

Services CDL Services encourage the effective adaptation and use of CDL tools in three application areas: Content capture, aggregation & site building Digital Preservation Scholarly and Educational Publishing Scholarly publishing, the most developed of these services, will be the focus of my talk. First, some examples of other services.

Preservation

UC’s Digital Preservation Program – Key Components Ensure long-term access to digital information Digital Preservation Repository uses CDL’s common framework to build a shared service Infrastructure can be exploited by the campuses and the CDL Digital Preservation Repository manages a diverse array of content

Scholarly Publishing …and University of California efforts to contribute to a sustainable scholarly publishing system

Unsustainable economics of scholarly journal publishing Source: Bear Stearns European Equity Research report on Reed Elsevier. September 29, 2003

A pervasive problem across disciplines… Source: Van Orsdel & Born, Library Journal, April 15, 2003

and beyond the commercial realm PRICE per PAGEPRICE per CITATION FieldFor-profit non-profitFor-profit Non-profit Ecology$1.19 $0.19$0.73 $0.05 Economics$0.81 $0.16$2.33 $0.15 Atmos. Sci.$0.95 $0.15$0.88 $0.07 Mathematics$0.70 $0.27$1.32 $0.28 Neuroscience$0.89 $0.10$0.23 $0.04 Physics$0.63 $0.19$0.38 $0.05 STM Journal Prices Commercial vs. Non-commercial Source: Carl T. Bergstrom and Ted C. Bergstrom. The economics of scholarly journal publishing. September 2002 at

Monographs and the disciplines that need them are also affected Source: Bear Stearns European Equity Research report on Reed Elsevier. September 29, 2003

eScholarship Program Publishing and investigative tool in UC’s search for sustainable, alternative models eScholarship Repository: Library/faculty partnership; enables greater faculty control over publishing & dissemination eScholarship Editions: CDL/University Press partnership to extend publishing capabilities and experiment w/new roles

eScholarship Repository Full spectrum publishing platform: pre-prints and reports, peer-reviewed articles, edited volumes and peer-reviewed journals Existing university structure: research units and departments are gatekeepers; editorial and administrative functions distributed High adoption rate: 200+ UC academic units and departments on 10 campuses, labs and the Office of the President; 9,226 papers High usage rate: 1,905,300 full-text downloads to date; 40,397 per week as of October 9, 2005

PostPrints Response to faculty desire for greater control over management and use of creative output Takes advantage of liberalized “reprint” (i.e., postprint) policies by publishers Allows universities to capture and manage pools of content; allows development of new third-party value-added services (and may help end the fight over control of content) Discovery, resolver, linking services needed

eScholarship Editions: partnering with Univ Press & Schol Societies Productive, dynamic CDL-UCP partnership: nearly 2,000 XML schol monographs + new monographic series + UCIAS = new models for publication of book length scholarly works Editorial: Enhance university press’ capacity (edit and tech) for publishing; use existing mechanisms to share editorial load; UCP “reviews the reviewers” Technical: Redesigned workflow; CDL’s structured text infrastructure, streamline inputs and enhance outputs

Many fronts to UC effort to safeguard flow of scholarly output System wide Library and Scholarly Information Advisory Committee (SLASIAC): leads university- wide effort to improve scholarly communication system to meet research & teaching mission System wide Faculty Senate Advisory Committee on Scholarly Communication (SASC): leads senate actions to address issues of copyright management and tenure rewards Office of Scholarly Communication (OSC): seeks to develop financially sustainable models and improve all areas of scholarly communication

Thank You for your attention Questions or Comments?