Al-Shafe ’ i محمد بن ادريس الشافعي H نبذة عن حياة الأئمة الأربعة نبذة عن حياة الأئمة الأربعة Lives of The Great Four Imams

Abu Hanifah H Malik H Shafe ’ i H Ahmad H

Al-Shafe’i الشافعي Imam Al-Shafe ’ i ( H)

His Birth in Gaza His Birth in Gaza His Youth in Mecca His Youth in Mecca His life with the Arabs of Huthayl هذيل His life with the Arabs of Huthayl هذيل His study in Mecca His study in Mecca

Imam Al-Shafe ’ i ( H) From Mecca to Medina From Mecca to Medina With Imam Malik With Imam Malik The Governor of Najran The Governor of Najran Political Trouble Political Trouble

Imam Al-Shafe ’ i ( H) Studying in Baghdad (two years H) Studying in Baghdad (two years H) Back to Mecca (nine years H) Back to Mecca (nine years H) To Baghdad again (195 H) To Baghdad again (195 H) To Egypt ( H) To Egypt ( H)

Iraq Misr To Yemen Gaza

Iraq Misr To Yemen Huthayl Gaza

Iraq Misr To Yemen Gaza

Iraq Misr To Yemen Gaza

Iraq Misr To Yemen Gaza Baghdad H

Iraq Misr To Yemen Gaza Baghdad H

Iraq Misr To Yemen Gaza Baghdad H

Iraq Misr To Yemen Gaza Baghdad H

Imam Al-Shafe ’ i ( H) His Personal Attributes His Personal Attributes His Teachers and Mentors His Teachers and Mentors His Life Experiences His Life Experiences His Time His Time

Imam Al-Shafe ’ i ( H) His Personal Attributes His Personal Attributes His Intelligence and Depth His Intelligence and Depth Eloquence Eloquence Sincerity Sincerity

Imam Al-Shafe ’ i ( H) His Teachers and Mentors His Teachers and Mentors Mecca: Mecca: Sufian bin Uyaynah سفيان بن عيينة Sufian bin Uyaynah سفيان بن عيينة Madina: Madina: Imam Malik مالك بن أنس Imam Malik مالك بن أنس Iraq: Iraq: Muhammad bin Al-Hasan محمد بن الحسن Muhammad bin Al-Hasan محمد بن الحسن Yemen: Yemen: Omar bin Abi-Salamh عمر بن أبي سلمة Omar bin Abi-Salamh عمر بن أبي سلمة Yahya bin Hassan يحيى بن حسان Yahya bin Hassan يحيى بن حسان

Imam Al-Shafe ’ i ( H) His Teachers and Mentors His Teachers and Mentors Mecca: Mecca: Sufian bin Uyaynah سفيان بن عيينة ( صاحب مذهب ) Sufian bin Uyaynah سفيان بن عيينة ( صاحب مذهب ) Madina: Madina: Imam Malik مالك بن أنس ( صاحب مذهب ) Imam Malik مالك بن أنس ( صاحب مذهب ) Iraq: Iraq: Muhammad bin Al-Hasan (Hanafi) محمد بن الحسن ( حنفي ) Muhammad bin Al-Hasan (Hanafi) محمد بن الحسن ( حنفي ) Yemen: Yemen: Omar bin Abi-Salamh (Awza ’ i) أوزاعي ) ) عمر بن أبي سلمة Omar bin Abi-Salamh (Awza ’ i) أوزاعي ) ) عمر بن أبي سلمة Yahya bin Hassan (Laythi) يحيى بن حسان ( ليثي ) Yahya bin Hassan (Laythi) يحيى بن حسان ( ليثي )

“ Hijazi ” School (Textual Evidence) Sahaba: Zaid, Bin Omar, Bin Abbas.. Scholars of Medina of Tabi ’ een Scholars: Rabi ’ a, Az-Zuhri, Nafe ’.. Abu Hanifah Malik Muhammad Bin Al-Hasan Al-Shafe ’ i “ Iraqi ” School (Opinion) Sahaba: Ibn Masu ’ d, Omar.. Scholars of Tabi ’ een Scholars: Al-Nakha ’ I, Hammad ’..

Imam Al-Shafe ’ i ( H) His Life Experiences His Life Experiences His Travels His Travels Background in Arabic Language and Poetry Background in Arabic Language and Poetry Strong Knowlwdge of Quran (Mecca) Strong Knowlwdge of Quran (Mecca) Strong Knowledge in Hadith (Medina) Strong Knowledge in Hadith (Medina)

His Time: His Time: Political Strength for the Abbasids Political Strength for the Abbasids The “ Melting Pot ” effect in the Islamic State The “ Melting Pot ” effect in the Islamic State The Emergence of Heresy and Deviation The Emergence of Heresy and Deviation The Formations of Schools and Groups The Formations of Schools and Groups The Age of Writing and Documentation The Age of Writing and Documentation Imam Al-Shafe ’ i ( H)

His Time: His Time: The Age of Debate: The Age of Debate: Opinion vs. Textual Evidence Opinion vs. Textual Evidence Fatawa of Sahaba Fatawa of Sahaba “ Agreement ” “ Agreement ” Meanings of the Words Meanings of the Words Imam Al-Shafe ’ i ( H)

His Time: His Time: The Age of Groups and Deviation: The Age of Groups and Deviation: Shia Shia Khawarej Khawarej Mu ’ tazilah Mu ’ tazilah Imam Al-Shafe ’ i ( H)

Muhammad محمد الباقر Zaid زيد Ja’far جعفر الصادق Musa موسى الكاظم Ismail اسماعيل Muhammad محمد بن الحنفية Kaysani Shia الشيعة الكيسانية Zaydi Shia الشيعة الزيدية Imami Shia الشيعة الإمامية Ismaili Shia الشيعة الإسماعيلية

His Time: His Time: The Age of Groups and Deviation: The Age of Groups and Deviation: Shia Shia Saba ’ I السبئية Saba ’ I السبئية Kaysani الكيسانية Kaysani الكيسانية Zaydi الزيدية Zaydi الزيدية Imami الإمامية Imami الإمامية Ismaili الإسماعيلية Ismaili الإسماعيلية Imam Al-Shafe ’ i ( H)

His Time: His Time: The Age of Groups and Deviation: The Age of Groups and Deviation: Khawarej Khawarej Azariqa الأزارقة Azariqa الأزارقة Al-Ibadhia الإباضية Al-Ibadhia الإباضية Others: النجدات الصفرية العجاردة الثعالبة Others: النجدات الصفرية العجاردة الثعالبة Imam Al-Shafe ’ i ( H)

His Time: His Time: The Age of Groups and Deviation: The Age of Groups and Deviation: Mu ’ tazilah Mu ’ tazilah Origin: Wasel bin Ata ’واصل بن عطاء Origin: Wasel bin Ata ’واصل بن عطاء The Five Principles The Five Principles Conflicts and Tribulations Conflicts and Tribulations Imam Al-Shafe ’ i ( H)

His Opinions: His Opinions: In Use of Philosophy/ Mu ’ tazilah In Use of Philosophy/ Mu ’ tazilah In Shia In Shia Imam Al-Shafe ’ i ( H)

His Fiqh (Jurisprudence): His Fiqh (Jurisprudence): Learning Stages: Learning Stages: Madina Period: Maliki Fiqh (~ H) Madina Period: Maliki Fiqh (~ H) Iraqi Period: Hanafi Fiqh ( H Iraqi Period: Hanafi Fiqh ( H Shafe ’ i School Stages: Shafe ’ i School Stages: Mecca Stage ( H) Mecca Stage ( H) Iraqi Stage ( H) Iraqi Stage ( H) Egyptian Stage ( H) Egyptian Stage ( H) Imam Al-Shafe ’ i ( H)

Major Book Main Acivity DateStage Ar-Risalah (according to most) الرسالة General Foundations and Rules الكليات و الأصول H Macca Al-Hujjah(collection)الحجة Details and Weighing Proofs الفروع و الترجيحات H Iraq Al-Ummالأم Review and Revision التعديل و التمحيص H Egypt

His Students His Students Imam Ahmad, Az-Za ’ farani, Al-Karabisi.. Imam Ahmad, Az-Za ’ farani, Al-Karabisi.. Al-Buwayti البويطي Al-Buwayti البويطي Al-Muzni المزني Al-Muzni المزني Al-Rabi ’ bin Sulayman الربيع بن سليمان Al-Rabi ’ bin Sulayman الربيع بن سليمان Imam Al-Shafe ’ i ( H)

His Books (most known) His Books (most known) Ar-Risalah الرسالة Ar-Risalah الرسالة Al-Hujjah الحجة Al-Hujjah الحجة Al-Umm الأم Al-Umm الأم Imam Al-Shafe ’ i ( H)

His Fiqh His Fiqh Rules and Basics of Jurisprudence Rules and Basics of Jurisprudence Shari ’ a: Shari ’ a: Knowledge for the Common Muslims Knowledge for the Common Muslims Knowledge for the “ Special ” Scholars Knowledge for the “ Special ” Scholars Imam Al-Shafe ’ i ( H)

Sources of Shafe’i School الأدلة الفقهية في المذهب الشافعي Sources of Shafe’i School الأدلة الفقهية في المذهب الشافعي Agreementالإجماع Sahaba قول الصحابي SahabaDisagreement خلاف الصحابة Comparisonالقياس Quran القرآن القرآن Sunnahالسنة

Same level when Sunnah is authentic. Same level when Sunnah is authentic. Rejecting Qur ’ an is Kufr. Rejecting Solitary- narrated Hadith is not. Rejecting Qur ’ an is Kufr. Rejecting Solitary- narrated Hadith is not. Qur ’ an comes first if any question in understanding. Qur ’ an comes first if any question in understanding. Sources of Shafe ’ i School Quran القرآن القرآن Sunnahالسنة

General and Specific General and Specific العام و الخاص في القرآن العام و الخاص في القرآن Sources of Shafe ’ i School Quran القرآن القرآن

Answering three groups: Answering three groups: Rejecting Sunnah altogether. Rejecting Sunnah altogether. Accepting Sunnah only if supported by Qur ’ an. Accepting Sunnah only if supported by Qur ’ an. Rejecting Solitary-narrated Hadiths. Rejecting Solitary-narrated Hadiths. Sources of Shafe ’ i School Sunnahالسنة

A main source in Shafe ’ i school A main source in Shafe ’ i school Proved its authenticity Proved its authenticity Rejected “ Silent ” Agreement Rejected “ Silent ” Agreement Sources of Shafe ’ i School Agreementالإجماع

Agreement of Sahaba is a source in Shafe ’ i school. Agreement of Sahaba is a source in Shafe ’ i school. A single Sahabi ’ s opinion is to be followed if no disagreement. A single Sahabi ’ s opinion is to be followed if no disagreement. Disagreement of Sahaba: Weighed opinions by Qur ’ an, Sunnah, and Comparison. Disagreement of Sahaba: Weighed opinions by Qur ’ an, Sunnah, and Comparison. Sources of Shafe ’ i School Sahaba قول الصحابي SahabaDisagreement خلاف الصحابة

Comarison is Ijtihad Comarison is Ijtihad “ Apparent ” Knowledge “ Apparent ” Knowledge Dependent on Textual Evidence Dependent on Textual Evidence Three Types: Three Types: Branch is more obvious than the Origin Branch is more obvious than the Origin Branch is same as the Origin Branch is same as the Origin Branch is less obvious than the Origin Branch is less obvious than the Origin Sources of Shafe ’ i School Comparisonالقياس

Comparison is not for all texts and narrations. Comparison is not for all texts and narrations. Conditions for Mujtahid of Comparison: Conditions for Mujtahid of Comparison: Mastering of Arabic Language Mastering of Arabic Language Knowledge of Qur ’ an Knowledge of Qur ’ an Knowledge of Sunnah Knowledge of Sunnah Intelligence and Wisdom Intelligence and Wisdom Sources of Shafe ’ i School Comparisonالقياس

Rejecting Preference ابطال الإستحسان Rejecting Preference ابطال الإستحسان Definition of Preference in Shafe ’ i School Definition of Preference in Shafe ’ i School Why it is rejected in his school Why it is rejected in his school Preference in Hanafi School Preference in Hanafi School Preference in Maliki School Preference in Maliki School Sources of Shafe ’ i School

Spread of Shafe ’ i School