CHAPTER 10 The Muslim World
BEDOUINS Their way of life set the foundation for the Islamic way of life.
Mecca Original homeland of Muhammed; in present-day Saudi Arabia. The most holy city for Islam. Muslims faced the city for prayer.
The Prophet Muhammed Born in Mecca Founder of Islam
History of Islam Followers are called Muslims who worship Allah. Qur’an is Islam’s holy book. Mosque is Islam’s house of worship.
Practice & Beliefs Shari’a – Includes Qur’an & Sunna to regulate Islamic way of life
CH10.L2 Islam Expands “Rightly Guided” Caliphs Abu-Bakr Umar Uthman Ali They based their leadership on the Qur’an & Muhammed’s actions.
Treatment of Conquered Peoples The Qur’an forbids forced conversion. Muslims allowed these people to follow their religion, but restrictions & taxes were imposed. Example of restriction: The conquered people were not allowed to spread their religion.
Internal Conflict Creates a Crisis What led to it? Muhammed did not name a successor or indicate how to elect one. Umayyads replaced the last of the “rightly guided” caliphs. Changed the Muslim capital to Damascus. Lived luxuriously Umayyad mint
Muslims continue to divide Sunni Shi’a As long as they live by Sunna, any Muslim is qualified to be a caliph. Believe only a relative of Muhammed can be a caliph. Abbassids Sufi Strongest of the group – overthrew Umayyads. Moved the Muslim empire’s capital to Baghdad, Iraq. Developed a bureaucracy to control the large Muslim empire. Lived a life of poverty and spirituality. Fatimid Fell under Shi’a Claimed descent from Muhammed’s daughter Fatima
Muslim Trade Network Reasons for its success Size and location helped them trade with the rest of the world. Muslims invented the sakk (check). Arabic language was spoken through the empire. Abbasid dinar (currency) was accepted throughout the empire.
CH10.L3: Muslim Culture Social Classes Roles of Women Upper class: Muslims at Birth Second class: Converts to Islam Third class: “Protected People” Lowest class: Slaves Roles of Women
Muslim Knowledge “Acquire knowledge. It enableth its possessor to distinguish right from wrong; it lighteth the way to Heaven; it is our friend in the desert, our society in solitude, our companion when friendless; it guideth us to happiness; it sustaineth us in misery; it is an ornament amongst friends, and an armour against enemies.”
House of Wisdom
Art and Architecture
Medicine, Mathematics, & Science Al-Razi Mathematics Basis of all knowledge Al-jabr Science Astronomy Optics