HINARI/Health Information on the Internet (module 1.3 Part A)

MODULE 1.3 Health Information on the Internet Instructions - This part of the: course is a PowerPoint demonstration intended to introduce you to Health Information on the Internet module is off-line and is intended as an information resource for reference use.

Module 1.3 Table of Contents – Part A Evaluating Health Information on the Internet Grey Literature - definition Health Organization Sources –, inter- governmental, governmental and non- governmental agencies Databases and Library Catalogs Search Engines and Gateways Discussion groups E-Journal resources

Table of Contents – Part B Sampling of resources Consumer Health/Patient Education HIV/AIDS Pharmacy and Pharmacology Public Health Reproductive Health Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases Managing Internet Resources

Evaluating Web Information Criteria for Evaluation -Accuracy -Authority -Currency -Coverage -Objectivity Criteria for evaluating Health Information

Website accrediting organization

Google Search: Dengue Fever

Misled by the Web Use of the Internet to determine whether the medication pregnant women are taking or are about to take is safe for an unborn baby. Study of safe lists for medications in pregnancy websites found 25 that contained inconsistencies and false reassurances or alarms based on inadequate evidence. Among medications approved for use in the U.S.A. from 2000 to 2010, over 79% had no published human data on which to assess teratogenic risk (potential to cause birth defects), and 98% had insufficient published data to characterize such risk..

25 Web sites characterized 245 medications as safe for use by pregnant women, which might encourage use of medications during pregnancy even when they are not necessary. Online was sometimes contradictory. Twenty- two of the products listed as safe by one or more sites were stated not to be safe by one or more of the other sites. Safe lists for medications in pregnancy: inadequate evidence base and inconsistent guidance from Web-based information, Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety, 29 Jan 2013 (Online Version of Record published before inclusion in an issue)

Grey Literature Used by the librarians, and medical and research professionals and students Is a body of materials that cannot be found easily through conventional channels – e.g. indexed databases or publishers lists Examples include technical reports from governmental, inter-governmental and non- governmental agencies or research groups, working papers from research groups or preprints Includes valuable information for the delivery of healthcare and policy development

Grey Literature continued Is difficult to identify and acquire for librarians and potential users Lacks strict bibliographic control - basic information such as author, publication date or publishing body and location may not readily available Is increasingly found on the Internet but can be difficult to identify, access and evaluate

Free Health Resources on the Internet Ready reference material e.g. encyclopedias Library catalogues (WHO and regional offices) Journals and books (see other modules) Bulletins, newsletters Governmental, intergovernmental and non- governmental information resources Research databases Publishers databases Discussion groups

Inter-governmental Agencies WHO WHO/Western Pacific Region PAHO UNAIDS UNFPA

The WHO site contains current news information plus links to statistics, publications, programs, health topics and guidelines.

This the initial page of the WHO/Pacific Region website. It contains similar info as the WHO site but specific to this region.

This the initial page of the Pan American Health Organization website. It includes significant country specific information.

The UNAIDS webpage is the site of an inter-organization consortium. It includes significant epidemiological, statistical, logistical and clinical information on HIV/AIDS.

The UNFPA webpage is devoted to health and other issues for women. Note the various topics in the POPULATION ISSUES column.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. National Institutes of Health, U.S. National Library of Medicine, U.S. Health Organizations Resources – Governmental agencies

Although geared toward the U.S. population, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has a significant amount of relevant information about global health.

We have opened the U.S. National Institutes of Health webpage. Note how it is highlighting its Innovation for Global Development which discusses scientific advances for health throughout the world.

The U.S. National Library of Medicine is another governmental agency involved in global health. It develops and maintains the PubMed and other databases.

This is the Health Information page of the National Library of Medicine (NLM). It includes links many health information resources besides PubMed.

Non-governmental Agencies American International Health Alliance Antwerp Institute of Tropical Medicine Family Health International INASP Popline

This the American International Health Alliance webpage. It describes the organizations projects which are geared toward strengthening health systems in low-income countries.

Family Health International is a women and reproductive health ngo with extensive projects in many the developing countries. The next slide highlights the initial documents listed on the Resources page.

INASP is an ngo that focuses on communication, knowledge and networking projects in low-income countries. View the What We Do list for information on the organizations key projects.

Many tropical medicine organizations have useful projects/ documents relating to global health. This example is the Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp. View the broad topics for further information.

This the Diseases, Disorders and Related Topics gateway. Users can link to specific websites by keyword searching, alphabetical listing or broad subject categories.

Databases and Library Catalogs Global Index Medicus/Global Health Library PubMed Source Bibliographic Database: International Health and Disability

This is the searchable platform for the Global Index Medicus/WHO. It is a compilation of all the WHO and Regional Libraries catalogs. Seaching is via keyword and contains links to many full-text documents.

This the PubMed contains over 21,000,000 indexed articles. The search results contain links to free articles. In the past 10 years, the scope has been broadened to include more journals covering global health.

This the Sources Resource Library contains information about international health and disability – including links to many full-text articles. Note the Quick Search (keyword) option.

Search Engines Google – includes general information (previously discussed) Google Scholar – academic information (previously discussed) HealthMash Scirus

This the Health Mash Search Engine combines Web 2.0 universal search and discovery technology with Semantic Web Concepts in a search interface. It contains links to journal articles, books, blogs and other Internet resources.

This the SCIRUS is a search engine developed by Elsevier that is available on the Internet and includes journal articles, books, scientists homepages and institutional repository information.

We have completed a type 2 diabetes AND developing countries search. The Journal sources include ScienceDirect which is commercial but also PubMed Central and BioMed Central. Note also the links to web based material.

Gateways Essential Health Links Health Sciences Online (HSO)

Health Sciences Online is a searchable portal with over 50,000 reviewed articles on courses, references, guidelines and other learning resources. It was launched in late 2008 and includes the Google Translation option.

We have completed a type 2 diabetes AND developing countries search. Note the Refine Resource Type and other options.

Essential Health Links FHI/SATELLIFE Essential Health Links gateway contains over 750 links to relevant WWW sites for the health community in developing and transitional countries. Note the inclusion of the HonCode logo.

This displays the Essential Health Links Table of Contents for Library and Publishing Support and Specific Health Resources.

Discussion Groups Dgroups FHI/Satellife Global Discussion Groups GHDonline HIFA2015

Dgroups is an organization with multiple development-related discussion groups. Click on Join a group to view the complete list and also register for specific groups.

FHI/Satellife has a series of Global Discussion Groups. Click on the specific group to view its contents and register.

GHD Online is an online platform of communities where health professionals share proven practices, connect with colleagues and find resources for improving outcomes in resource limited settings. Note the communities listed on the initial page.

HIFA2015 is an international discussion group and resource geared toward the health information needs of low-income countries. Registration is required but free.

E-journal resources Free Medical Journals Directory of Open Access Journals BioMed Central PubMed Central HighWire Press PubMed search options

FreeMedicalJournals.com lists medical journals sites that make their content free to all users. Journals are organized by speciality, title A-Z, language and other listings.

The DOAJ lists all journals sites that make their content available for free. Journals are organized by title A-Z and broad subject listings including Health Sciences and Biology and Life Sciences.

BioMed Central is one of the principal open access journal publishers. Access to all articles are free as the authors pay a fee for the publication of their articles (often waived for authors from low-income countries). Journals are listed by subject and article searching by a keyword search engine.

PubMed Central PubMed Central is a archive of articles that have been deposited in this free repository. Over 2.3 million articles are available. Access is via journal A-Z listing and keyword searches for articles are entered into the PMC search box.

HighWire Press website a portal to over 1,150 journals published predominantly by learned societies Includes health-related journals - American Journal of Public Health, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences and Journal of Bacteriology. via IP address, allows access to participating journals from any computer within the country has a listing of the journals free to developing- economies that can be accessed directly from the HighWire Press site: highwire.stanford.edu/lists/devecon.dtl

HighWire Press 3 This is the HighWire Press initial page. From this site, we can locate articles or journal titles or subjects and set up an alert. The Free Access to Developing Economies link is located on the initial page. Also of interest is the Free full-text content link. There is a link to both pages in the Other Free Collections drop down menu on HINARIs Full-text Journals, databases and other resources page. Note: You can access the HighWire Press full text articles since this publisher identifies computer (IP) addresses from eligible countries. This is the ONLY exception to not needing to use your institutions User Name and Password.

You now have entered the Free Access to Developing Economies list of HighWire Press. As noted, the access is based on the computer's IP Address and you can go directly to the site using the url.

HighWire Press 4 Within HighWire Press, we have entered the Free Online Full-Text Articles page. Note that some journals are a free site and others have free articles after a set period of time. The HINARI eligible country access is a different mix of titles. M

The PubMed database is an excellent source of Free full text articles. We will complete the HIV AND pregnancy search and then will apply the Free full text available filter. Note: If you are in HINARI/PubMed, do not apply this filter because it will eliminate all HINARI full-text articles.

In this example, the Free full text available filter has been activated. The search results are 2714 citations. If you keep this filter on, it will limit all future searches to Free full text articles.

Another option to is to use the Free full text[sb] filter in the PubMed search box. We will add this filter to the malaria AND pregnancy search.

The Summary search results have been displayed. We have opened the Display Setting drop down menu, checked the Abstract option and clicked on Apply.

The search results are 2733 citations. In the abstract format, you can access the full-text articles by clicking on the icons. This is the end of Module 5 Part A There is a Work Book to accompany this part of the module. The workbook will take you through a live session covering the topics included in this demonstration with working examples. Updated