India Ch. 3 sec 1

Geography INDIA SUBCONTINENT is located along southern edge of Asia INDIA SUBCONTINENT is located along southern edge of Asia In the north the HIMALAYA mountain. A little south of the mountains is the rich valley of the GANGES RIVER, one of the most important regions of the India culture. In the north the HIMALAYA mountain. A little south of the mountains is the rich valley of the GANGES RIVER, one of the most important regions of the India culture. In the south lies the DECCAN, 2 river valleys In the south lies the DECCAN, 2 river valleys

Monsoons MONSOONS are seasonal wind patterns. The southwest monsoon usually brings the heavy rain that they depend on for their crops. MONSOONS are seasonal wind patterns. The southwest monsoon usually brings the heavy rain that they depend on for their crops.

First Civilization Developed in the Indus river valley in west India. Developed in the Indus river valley in west India. Flourished from 3000 to 1500 B.C. Flourished from 3000 to 1500 B.C. 2 major ruins have been found. Cities called Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro. 2 major ruins have been found. Cities called Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro.

Harappa and Mohenjo- Daro Both of the cities had about 35,000 people and each were planned carefully. Both of the cities had about 35,000 people and each were planned carefully. Public wells provided water, bathrooms had advanced draining system, a chute system took household trash to public garbage bins. Public wells provided water, bathrooms had advanced draining system, a chute system took household trash to public garbage bins.

Arrival of the Aryans Aryan invaders ended the civilization of the Indus River Valley. Aryan invaders ended the civilization of the Indus River Valley. ARYANS were a nomadic Indo-European people living in central Asia. ARYANS were a nomadic Indo-European people living in central Asia. In 1500 B.C. they moved south across the HINDU KUSH mountain range into northern India. In 1500 B.C. they moved south across the HINDU KUSH mountain range into northern India.

Aryan Society Like other nomadic people they excelled at war. Extended their control throughout most of India. Like other nomadic people they excelled at war. Extended their control throughout most of India. In India they gave up their nomadic ways when iron arrived.(especially the iron plow) In India they gave up their nomadic ways when iron arrived.(especially the iron plow) Wheat, barley, millet, rice, vegatables, grains, cotton, and spices Wheat, barley, millet, rice, vegatables, grains, cotton, and spices

Aryan Society As nomads they had no written language. As nomads they had no written language. By 1000 B.C. the developed SANSKRIT(their first written language) By 1000 B.C. the developed SANSKRIT(their first written language) Aryan leaders known as RAJAS(princes) dominated India. They each had their own land and would fight each other. Aryan leaders known as RAJAS(princes) dominated India. They each had their own land and would fight each other.

Society of Ancient India The CASTE SYSTEM set up a rigid hierarchy of classes that determines a person’s occupation, economic potential, and social status. In part it was based on skin color. The CASTE SYSTEM set up a rigid hierarchy of classes that determines a person’s occupation, economic potential, and social status. In part it was based on skin color.

Society of Ancient India Five major classes, or CASTES. Five major classes, or CASTES. The top 2 castes were the Aryan ruling elites, priests and warriors. The highest was the priest class or BRAHMANS. The top 2 castes were the Aryan ruling elites, priests and warriors. The highest was the priest class or BRAHMANS. The warriors were called KSHATRIYAS The warriors were called KSHATRIYAS

Society of Ancient India 3 rd caste were the commoners, who were mostly merchants. 3 rd caste were the commoners, who were mostly merchants. Members of this caste were called VAISYAS. Members of this caste were called VAISYAS. 4 th caste were called SUDRAS. Made up most of the population. They were the darker-skinned natives the Aryans conquered. They mostly were peasants who did manual labor and their rights were limited. 4 th caste were called SUDRAS. Made up most of the population. They were the darker-skinned natives the Aryans conquered. They mostly were peasants who did manual labor and their rights were limited.

Society of Ancient India 5 th caste made up the lowest rung of Indian society. Made up about 5% of the population. They were called UNTOUCHABLES. Performed jobs considered degrading by Indian society, like collecting trash and handling the dead. 5 th caste made up the lowest rung of Indian society. Made up about 5% of the population. They were called UNTOUCHABLES. Performed jobs considered degrading by Indian society, like collecting trash and handling the dead.

Society of Ancient India Life as an Untouchable was hard. They were not considered human and their presence was considered harmful. Life as an Untouchable was hard. They were not considered human and their presence was considered harmful. Lived in separate areas and had to bang sticks together when they traveled so other people would know they were coming and could avoid them. Lived in separate areas and had to bang sticks together when they traveled so other people would know they were coming and could avoid them.

Society of Ancient India Family was the basic unit of ancient Indian society. The ideal was to have and extended family of 3 generations under one roof. Family was the basic unit of ancient Indian society. The ideal was to have and extended family of 3 generations under one roof.

Roles of men and women Oldest male had legal rule of entire family(patriarchal) Oldest male had legal rule of entire family(patriarchal) Only males could inherit property and were educated. Only males could inherit property and were educated. Divorce was forbidden but if the first wife could not have kids husbands could take a second wife. Divorce was forbidden but if the first wife could not have kids husbands could take a second wife.

Roles of men and women Marriages were arranged. Marriages were arranged. Men married after 12 years of study Men married after 12 years of study Girls married young because they were an economic drain on the family Girls married young because they were an economic drain on the family The ritual of suttee is when the husband died he was burned on a pyre and the wife had to throw herself on the pyre and die with her husband. The ritual of suttee is when the husband died he was burned on a pyre and the wife had to throw herself on the pyre and die with her husband.

Hinduism HINDUISM is based on religious beliefs. HINDUISM is based on religious beliefs. Ultimate reality (God) called Brahman, individual self, or atman. Had the duty to know ultimate reality and in death would become one with Brahman Ultimate reality (God) called Brahman, individual self, or atman. Had the duty to know ultimate reality and in death would become one with Brahman

Hinduism REINCARNATION is the idea that after death the persons soul is reborn in a different form. After many existences the sould may unite with Brahman. REINCARNATION is the idea that after death the persons soul is reborn in a different form. After many existences the sould may unite with Brahman. KARMA refers to the idea the people’s action determine the form of their rebirth. KARMA refers to the idea the people’s action determine the form of their rebirth. The divine law, or DHARMA, rules karma The divine law, or DHARMA, rules karma YOGA (union) practice to achieve oneness with God. YOGA (union) practice to achieve oneness with God.