What geographic features protected India from invasion? Sahara Desert and Red Sea Alps and Mediterranean Sea C. Himalayas, Hindu Kush, and Indian Ocean

On what river did the first civilization arise in India? A Ganges B. Indus C. Huang he

The Indus Valley civilization was located in which present-day country? India Iraq Pakistan

Indus Valley Civilization had which type of government ? independent city states unified empire direct democracy

Indus Valley achievements include all of the following EXCEPT written language silk-making plumbing cotton

Who were the nomadic invaders who migrated into India through passes in the Hindu Kush Mountains? Indo-Aryans Franks Vikings Who were the Aryans and where did they come from? The word Aryan comes from the Sanskrit arya meaning noble. Historians believe the original home of the Aryans was in the lands south of the Ural Mountains in what is now Kirghizstan. When life became tough, because food was scarce or the climate was unfavourable, the Aryans began to move away in different directions. Some went to Greece, some to Iran, and some to Afghanistan. From Iran and Afghanistan some groups moved to India. The whole process of migration took place between 2000 to 1500 BC. The Aryans were pastoral nomads, herding cattle. They entered India from the north west and initially settled in the land between the tributaries of the River Indus. As time went on they went south and east along the river valleys and occupied the land between the Himalayas in the north and the Vindhyas in the south. This land, the land of the Aryans, was called Aryabarta.

The Aryans conquered what was left of the Indus valley civilization and then moved East and settled on this river Niger Huang He Ganges

A vast collection of ancient Aryan prayers, magical spells and and instructions for performing rituals is called the Vedas I Ching Karma These vast epics, and the four 'books' of the Vedas, were originally transmitted by a phenomenal human chain of memory, and only written down centuries after their actual compilation. This oral tradition still exists in India today. The early phase of the Vedic tradition in India is dated between 10,000 - 7,000 BCE. 

The rigid social class system developed by the Aryans was called the feudal system caste system decimal system

The caste system divided people into classes based upon eye color occupation personality

How could a person move up to a higher caste? marriage education reincarnation Who you could eat with

Which religion is being described? Many forms of one God Reincarnation Caste system Karma Which religion is being described? Buddhism Judaism Hinduism

Which of the following are holy books of Hinduism? Torah and Koran Vedas and Upanishads Old and New Testament These vast epics, and the four 'books' of the Vedas, were originally transmitted by a phenomenal human chain of memory, and only written down centuries after their actual compilation. This oral tradition still exists in India today. The early phase of the Vedic tradition in India is dated between 10,000 - 7,000 BCE. 

The cycles of rebirth that a spirit goes through until moksha (perfect understanding) is achieved is called Vishnu Upanishads Reincarnation The Soul within living beings thus changes its outward form, enters into new shapes, until it is merged with the Universal Soul called by the Vedic name of Brahma. As a goldsmith, taking a piece of gold, turns it into another newer and more beautiful shape, so does the Soul, after having thrown off this body, and dispelled all ignorance, make unto himself another newer and more beautiful shape.... "So much for the man who desires, But for the man who does not desire, who not desiring, free from desires, satisfied in his desires, desires the Soul only, his spirit does not depart elsewhere; being Brahma, he goes to Brahma." (Brihadaranyaka, iv. 4). 

The idea that present behavior (good deeds and bad deeds) influences one’s future life (caste, health, wealth, etc.) is called Brahman Karma Vedas Lord Krishna playing his flute awakens devotion in the hearts of Hindu devotees, because it reminds them of God calling the soul to eternal wakefulness in Him. 

Hinduism spread from India to Southeast Asia Southwest Asia Europe

Which religion is being described? Buddhism Judaism Hinduism Rejects the Hindu caste system, but keeps the concepts of karma and reincarnation Four Noble Truths Eightfold Path

Buddhism originated in the part of India the borders present-day Pakistan Bangladesh Nepal.

Who was the founder of Buddhism? Abraham Gautama Muhammad

These are the Life is full of suffering The cause of suffering is desire The way to end suffering is to end desire To end desire, follow the Eightfold Path These are the A. Four Baskets of Wisdom B. Fourfold Path C. Four Noble Truths

The diagram above illustrates the Eightfold Path Five Pillars Ten Commandments

Who sent out missionaries to spread Buddhism? Paul Asoka Cyril Years after being crowned the king, Ashoka decided to annex Kalinga(Orissa) into his kingdom. This was the first and last battle that Ashoka ever fought. Though Ashoka won the battle he was horrified by the loss of life and death of so many soldiers. This experience changed him and he swore that he would never wage war again. He took-up Buddhism, and he vowed to practice only virtuous actions in the future. After instructions by members of the Buddhist community, Ashoka began to resemble the ideal leader, promoting prosperity and peace within society. He religiously followed the principles of Buddhism - that of truth, charity, kindness, purity and goodness. Ashoka also asked his followers to take the path of virtuous action. He believed in non-violence and banned the sacrifice of animals. Besides this he opened clinics for birds and animals too. His good works earned him the name of Devanamapriya Priyadarshi. He also propagated Buddhism by engraving it's principles on pillars throughout his kingdom. The Ashoka pillars, as they are now called, were over 40 feet high and extremely heavy. He also attempted to spread this religion to Syria, Egypt and Macedonia, and sent his son Mahendra and daughter Sangamitra to Sri Lanka for this purpose.   Ashoka died in 232 BC and is amongst the greatest rulers in the history of the Indian Subcontinent and he is respected for being the 'Ideal' ruler.

In the time period shown Buddhism spread to all of the following places EXCEPT China Korea Japan Southeast Asia Arabia

The Golden age of Classical Indian Culture was established under which dynasty? A. Gupta B. Maurya C. Shang

Gupta dynasty contributions include all of the following EXCEPT mathematics sugarcane pyramids arts and literature textiles (cotton cloth)

What is described above? Base 10 Included zero Place value and decimals What is described above? Roman Numerals Mayan number system Hindu-Arabic numerals

The following were important trade goods from India Flax, wheat, and gold Corn, squash, and jade Cotton, sugarcane, and spices