SOLUTIONS: INFLUENCING POPULATION SIZE Section 10-3

C AN THE WORLD PROVIDE AN ADEQUATE STANDARD OF LIVING FOR 2.5 BILLION MORE PEOPLE WITHOUT CAUSING WIDESPREAD ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE ???

I S THE PLANET ALREADY OVERPOPULATED ??? W HAT TYPES OF MEASURES SHOULD BE TAKEN TO CONTROL POPULATION SIZE ? S HOULD WE ENCOURAGE POPULATION GROWTH ?

R EGULATE POPULATION SIZE ? Declining environmental issues 1 out of 6 people do not get necessities to survive Higher death rate People are most valuable resource Violation of religious beliefs Form of genocide Stimulate economy YESNO

D EMOGRAPHIC T RANSITION Demographic transition – as countries become industrialized, first their death rates and then their birth rates decline Transition takes place in 4 stages: 4 Stages Preindustrial – when there is little population growth due to harsh living conditions High birth rate (high infant mortality rate) High death rate Little population growth Transitional – Industrialization begins, food production rises, and health care improves High birth rate Lower death rate Populations increase

4 Stages continued… Industrial - Industrialization, medical advances, & modernization become widespread Low birth rate (approaches death rate) Low death rate Population growth is slower Postindustrial - birth rate declines further, equaling the death rate; reaching zero population growth Population size may decrease

Demographic trap - countries that cannot rise above the transition level for different reasons Shortage of skilled workers Lack of financial capital Pay back debts Not receiving money from developed countries

F AMILY P LANNING Geared toward married women Increase education & clinical services Limiting # of kids Spacing of kids Contraception (use is up to 51% from 10% in the 60s) Health care Thailand & Iran  decreased TFR (total fertility rate) 6 to 3.1! Reduced # of abortions (legal & illegal) Future Include teens & unmarried women Educate men to take responsibility & importance of fewer children

F AMILY P LANNING Iran Used FP = TFR 7 to 2.5 Pop. Growth cut in ½ To get a marriage license – need to take a contraception class Increase female literacy & school enrollment

F AMILY P LANNING Women have fewer kids if: Educated Paying job outside the home Rights not suppressed Solution = gender equality!! India Implemented FP but not going well…why? Emphasis on having males Need kids to support in old age Poverty, govt. inefficiency, etc.

China TFR 5.7 to 1.7 Why? Postpone marriage Benefits for promising to have 1 child Free sterilization, contraception, abortions Other alternative = mass starvation

W HAT C AN W E D O ? Increase FP & reproductive health care Create national population policies Improve health care Improve status of women (education & jobs) Involve men in child rearing & FP Reduce poverty Reduce consumption habits

P OPULATION V IDEO C LIPS Human Population: How does it compare to other species? n-population-how-does_n_ html n-population-how-does_n_ html Population Growth &feature=player_embedded &feature=player_embedded State of the Earth – Human Population &feature=player_embedded &feature=player_embedded