Global Geography (Geog 10)

Geography games

India

Population 1.12 billion Capital: New Delhi Largest city: Mumbai Major Cities: –Bangalore –Delhi –Hyderabad –Kolkata –Mumbai

India holds two of the world's largest metropolitan areas. Mumbai (formerly Bombay) has over 16 million people and is the world's fifth largest area Calcutta is the tenth largest and has a population of 12 million.

South Asia - Population Densely populated – more than 7 times the world average 1.6 billion ¼ people in the World

India vs. China - Population India is projected to overtake China as the world’s most populous country by 2040 High growth rate 1.7% HIV/AIDS a major wild card

India Population: 1 billion (1/4 of everyone on planet) Only a quarter of them have access to clean water Half are illiterate

Pre-Monsoon Post Monsoon

Ganges Photo credit: Karl Grobl Photo obtained from:

28 states, 7 territories

States and Territories 28 states: Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Orissa, Punjab and Rajasthan. 7 union territories: Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Chandigarh, Dadra, Nagar Haveli, Daman, Diu, Delhi, Lakshadweep and Pondicherry.

History of India Trade routes Vast Empires British colony (mid 1800’s – 1947) –Gandhi

India Today World’s 4 th largest economy (purchasing power) Problems: –Poverty and illiteracy –Malnutrition –Environmental degradation

Kashmir

Conflict in Kashmir –1947 – Creation of the two countries Secular, mostly Hindu India Muslim nation of Pakistan –Conflict between Hindus and Muslims in Kashmir dates back to British rule before partition. –India and Pakistan are technically still waiting for a UN decision on where the final border between the two countries will be. –Civil war has erupted repeatedly and sporadic fighting continues along the boundary line. Both India and Pakistan have nuclear weapons.

Jammu and Kashmir

Languages Hindi, Bengali and 13 other (official) languages, including Telugu, Marathi, Tamil, Urdu, Gujarati, Malayalam, Kannada, Oriya, Punjabi, Assamese, Kashmiri, Sindhi, and Sanskrit. Hindustani is widely spoken in the north, and English is, for the most part, the language of modern business.

Relgions Five major religions Hindu (80%), Muslim (13%), others Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism originated here

Slums The United Nation's Human Development Index rates India the third worst in Asia, just above Bangladesh and Laos; there are millions of poor living in urban slums. Video: Slum Futures (20 min)

Culture culture.htmlhttp:// culture.html

UNESCO World Heritage Sites As of 2007, a total of 851 sites are listed: 660 cultural, 166 natural, and 25 mixed properties, in 142 States Parties A specific site (such as a forest, mountain, lake, desert, monument, building, complex, or city) that has been nominated and confirmed for inclusion on the list maintained by the international World Heritage Programme administered by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee, composed of 21 State Parties (countries) Aims to catalogue, name, and conserve sites of outstanding cultural or natural importance to the common heritage of humanity.

UNESCO Sites - India Cultural Agra Fort (1983) Agra Fort Ajanta Caves (1983)Ajanta Caves Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi (1989)Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park (2004)Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus (formerly Victoria Terminus) (2004)Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus (formerly Victoria Terminus) Churches and Convents of Goa (1986)Churches and Convents of Goa Elephanta Caves (1987)Elephanta Caves Ellora Caves (1983)Ellora Caves Fatehpur Sikri (1986)Fatehpur Sikri Great Living Chola Temples (1987)Great Living Chola Temples Group of Monuments at Hampi (1986)Group of Monuments at Hampi Group of Monuments at Mahabalipuram (1984)Group of Monuments at Mahabalipuram Group of Monuments at Pattadakal (1987)Group of Monuments at Pattadakal Humayun's Tomb, Delhi (1993)Humayun's Tomb, Delhi Khajuraho Group of Monuments (1986)Khajuraho Group of Monuments Mahabodhi Temple Complex at Bodh Gaya (2002)Mahabodhi Temple Complex at Bodh Gaya Mountain Railways of India (1999)Mountain Railways of India Qutb Minar and its Monuments, Delhi (1993)Qutb Minar and its Monuments, Delhi Red Fort Complex (2007)Red Fort Complex Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka (2003)Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka Sun Temple, Konârak (1984)Sun Temple, Konârak Taj Mahal (1983) Taj Mahal Natural Kaziranga National Park (1985) Kaziranga National Park Keoladeo National Park (1985)Keoladeo National Park Manas Wildlife Sanctuary (1985)Manas Wildlife Sanctuary Nanda Devi and Valley of Flowers National Parks (1988)Nanda Devi and Valley of Flowers National Parks Sundarbans National Park (1987)Sundarbans National Park

The Taj Mahal Mausoleum located in Agra, India, that was built under Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his favorite wife, Mumtaz Mahal. Completed in 1648

Bollywood Bombay + Hollywood More films than Hollywood

Indian Diaspora SE Asians living or born abroad Earliest migrations were to eastern Africa In the US, citizens and residents of South Asian origin now form the wealthiest ethnic group (US census) Brain drain Many Indians are opposed to diaspora because of degrading Western influence on cultures back home

Bangalore (or Bengalūru) India’s “Silicon Valley” India’s 3 rd largest city 85% of Indians in the state of Karnataka do not have access to a computer

Outsourcing and Call Centers It costs less – $2/hr goes a lot further there –Labor –Real estate –Other costs – warehouse, insurance, etc. Less governmental and environmental restrictions There are willing employees – many are educated Downside to US: loss of jobs, decreased pay and benefits Not just manufacturing – computer/services

Outsourcing vs Offshoring Short-term contracts with 3 rd party company vs Moving a business to another country

Benefits to Outsourcing Cheaper products Access to variety of products Decreased inflation Businesses have more profits to invest

The Cost of Low Prices Ever-cheaper prices have consequences We want clean air, clear water, good living conditions, the best health care in the world--yet we aren't willing to pay for anything manufactured under those restrictions

Caste System Ancient system of dividing society into hereditary, hierarchical categories Jati – subcaste or community –Varna: four main tiers/divisions Brahmins – priestly caste Kshatriyas – warriors and rulers Vaishyas – landowning farmers and merchants Sudras – low-status laborers and artisans –Harijans – so low – no caste (perform tasks no one else will do) –Adivasis – also outside caste system – descendents of region’s ancient original inhabitants

Caste System Caste and class not the same (class=economic status) Gandhi (leader during India’s fight for Independence) began effort to eliminate untouchability –India’s constitution now bans caste discrimination –Affirmative action program

Video on Caste System 20 minutes

Women in SE Asia Status lower than men –Northwest in Afghanistan across western India and into Bangladesh Most women are in arranged marriage Dowry – price paid to husbands family –Outlawed, but still persists –Cripples many poor families Bride Burning – widower marries again, collects another dowry Female Infanticide – too costly to have daughters

Improving Women’s Status Education Training Access to Internet Radio program in Afghanistan Organizations Government – council and parliament seats reserved for women

Bindi Hindu women wear it on forehead as decoration Thought to protect them and their husbands Symbolizes opening of their “third eye” Usually made with vermillion (mercury) Yoga/Aryuvedic principles - chakra – thought to prevent the loss of energy there Non- married/non-Hindus now wear

Sari Long cloth Worn wrapped around and over shoulder Choli – sari blouse worn underneath