BIBLIOGRAPHIC UTILITIES ARE INFORMATION VENDORS WHO PROVIDE A CENTRALIZED DATABASE FOR LIBRARIES AND INFORMATION CENTERS TO CATALOG, SHARE, AND RETRIEVE BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORDS ACCORDING TO NATIONAL AND/OR INTERNATIONAL BIBLIOGRAPHIC STANDARDS. A DEFINITION OF BIBLIOGRAPHIC UTILITIES AS GIVEN BY W. SAFFADY : “BIBLIOGRAPHIC UTILITIES” IS THE COLLECTIVE NAME FOR A GROUP OF COMPUTER SERVICE ORGANIZATIONS THAT MAINTAIN LARGE DATA BASES OF CATALOGING RECORDS, AND OFFER VARIOUS CATALOGING SUPPORT SERVICES AND RELATED PRODUCTS TO LIBRARIES AND OTHER CUSTOMERS WHO ACCESS THOSE RECORDS ON AN ONLINE, TIMESHARING BASIS. BIBLIOGRAPHIC UTILITIES

The data bases maintained by most bibliographic utilities are essentially online union catalogs. Bibliographic utility networks in most cases initially obtained machine-readable cataloguing records from either a national library (e.g. Library of Congress) or any other subscription based sources or vendors. Their union databases also comprise of bibliographic records contributed by participating libraries. Their bibliographic records include two kinds of information: (1) descriptive cataloguing and classification data in the MARC (Machine-Readable Cataloguing) format appropriate to the form of item being catalogued, and (2) holdings information for libraries that have added specific items to their collections.

Bibliography services and utilities are just that services and utilities that: create a reference list of books, articles and non-published items that you have cited in a written work. For most written works in which you have cited another author, as you know, you are required to give credit to that other author by indicating within the paper where you have cited from (work and page number or weblink). Bibliography services and utilities assemble: all of your citations, and create a works cited list that shows all the other texts/sources that are referred to in your paper.

HOW A BIBLIOGRAPHIC UTILITY NETWORK IS OPERATED A bibliographic utility has a number of member libraries. Each institution contributes the bibliographic records of its documents collection to the centralized database, hosted and maintained by the bibliographic utility. Only one record for a particular document is stored in the union database, and duplication is checked before entering into the database. If the bibliographic record of a document is already available in the union database, only holding information may be added. After creation of the union database, the bibliographic utility generates a number of value added information products or services, using the same union database. These are again offered to the member libraries for their clienteles, who are the end users.

functions of bibliographic utility networks To serve member libraries in the region it operates with high-quality cataloguing information and related products or services for resource sharing and ooperation. To provide concurrent access to the bibliographic databases on time-sharing basis, and to allow member libraries contribute records of their own collection to the union catalogues. To maintain the standard of bibliographic record format, adopted by the national or international standardization bodies. To provide an interface to each member library that enables data communication between two systems. To rationally utilize information resources available within a region or throughout the member communities, so that constraints in collections of individual libraries may be overcome.

Advantages i) Bibliographic utility network gives access to the world of knowledge through large bibliographic databases contributed by a number of member libraries. ii) Bibliographic utility network provides tools to the member libraries for addition and modification of bibliographic records. iii) Bibliographic utility network supports standard machine- readable cataloguing (MARC) formats in order to maintain quality of bibliographic records. Metadata used in these databases are well accepted by the standardization authorities, e.g. MARC 21 format. iv) Duplication of bibliographic record of a particular document can be reduced, which saves the cost of cataloguing and technical processing. v) As the quantum of documents is generated worldwide in a small period of time, a single library is unable to keep abreast of all recent developments. Bibliographic utility may record most recently published documents if any of such documents is available to any of its member libraries.

vi) The union catalogue of a bibliographic utility provides location information of a particular document, which helps in document delivery service or interlibrary lending service from one member library (which holds the document) to another member library Bibliographic Utility Networks(which requires the document for its clientele). vii) Bibliographic utility network helps in reducing costs of cataloguing and technical processing in the face of increasingly tightened library budgets. viii) Online, real-time, location-independent applications become a reality using modern information and communication technologies by a bibliographic utility and its member libraries. ix) A bibliographic utility network can support a diverse languages and different forms of documents to be incorporated in the union database. Multilingual and multimedia content in the bibliographic databases also become possible. x) Bibliographic information on unpublished or out-of-print documents held by the member libraries of a bibliographic utility enhances the scholarly communication. xi) Bibliographic utility network helps in effective collection management by various ways, for example, evaluation of a document’s content, assessment of its popularity by availability. xii) Bibliographic utility network serves as a most useful reference as well as referral tool to member libraries for answering reference enquiries from the clienteles.

Bibliographic Utilities: Online Computer Library Center (OCLC) The OCLC Online Computer Library Center is a "nonprofit, membership, computer library service and research organization dedicated to the public purpose of furthering access to the world's information and reducing information costs.“ [1] OCLC was founded in 1967 as the Ohio College Library Center, a library computer network among 54 college libraries in Ohio. In 1977, OCLC opened its membership to libraries beyond the original Ohio consortia, and changed its governance and its name from the Ohio College Library Center to OCLC, Inc. and OCLC Online Computer Library Center in Today, more than 60,000 libraries in 112 countries and territories around the world use OCLC services to locate, acquire, catalog, lend and preserve library materials. [1]libraries [2] The organization was founded by Fred Kilgour, and its offices are located in Dublin, Ohio. [2]Fred Kilgour OCLC acquired NetLibrary, the largest eContent provider, in 2002 and owns 100% of the shares of OCLC PICA, a library automation systems and services company. The company has its headquarters in Leiden in the Netherlands and was renamed into "OCLC" at the end of [3] In June 2006, the Research Libraries Group (RLG) merged into OCLC. [3]

OCLC Products  Worldcat,  NetLibrary,  FirstSearch,  Dewey Decimal Classification,  VDX,  WebJunction,  Questionpoint

WorldCat—the OCLC Online Union Catalog, the largest Online Public Access Catalog (OPAC) in the world. WorldCat contains holding records from most public and private libraries worldwide. WorldCat is available through many libraries and university computer networks. The following are different services / division of OCLC TITLE: OCLC Website CREATOR: OCLC. DESCRIPTION: "Furthering access to the world's information and reducing information costs are the goals of OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Incorporated. OCLC is a nonprofit computer service and research organization whose network and services link more than 30,000 libraries in 65 countries and territories. OCLC services help libraries locate, acquire, catalog, access, and lend library materials."--About OCLC. The site contains news announcements, products and services description, support and user documentation, request forms, as well as contact information. KEYWORDS: oclc

TITLE: OCLC Access Services CREATOR: OCLC. DESCRIPTION: Provides information on OCLC telecommunication options, such as dedicated TCP/IP access method, and software to access OCLC services. KEYWORDS: oclc, telecommunications, software, services TITLE: OCLC Collections & Technical Services CREATOR: OCLC. DESCRIPTION: Offers collection management, cataloging, and authorities services to member libraries. Provides OCLC MARC documentation, standards, codes, and forms. Bibliographic Formats and Standards OCLC-MARC Code Lists Bibliographic Formats and Standards OCLC-MARC Code Lists Country of Publication Codes - Geographic Area Codes - Language Codes - Relator Codes - Source Codes - Description Conventions OCLC Forms: Include Electronic Bibliographic Change Report, Electronic Duplicate Report, Documentation/Software Request, etc. - Electronic Bibliographic Change Report - Electronic Duplicate Report Technical Bulletins News Releases OCLC InterCat Catalog RecordsCountry of Publication CodesGeographic Area CodesLanguage CodesRelator CodesSource CodesDescription Conventions OCLC FormsElectronic Bibliographic Change ReportElectronic Duplicate Report Technical Bulletins News Releases OCLC InterCat Catalog Records LOCATION: OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc., Dublin, Ohio KEYWORDS: oclc, bibliographic, technical, collection services

TITLE: OCLC Reference Services CREATOR: OCLC. DESCRIPTION: Provides information on the FirstSearch service, Electronic Collections Online service, SiteSearch software, and ContentsAlert service. FirstSearch service: a collection of various databases that includes full-text articles, catalogs and citations of books, microforms, software, and other material types, etc. Sample databases, including the union catalog-- WorldCat, are available for free access. Electronic Collections Online service: "offers Web access to a growing collection of more than 1,100 titles, an archiving solution, cross-journal searching."--Title screen. FirstSearch serviceSample databases Electronic Collections Online service KEYWORDS: oclc, reference, firstsearch, eco, services TITLE: OCLC Resources Sharing Services CREATOR: OCLC. DESCRIPTION: Provides information on OCLC interlibrary loan, union lists, and document delivery services. KEYWORDS: oclc, interlibrary loan, union lists, document delivery, services TITLE: TITLE:CORC-Cooperative Online Resources catalog CREATOR: OCLC. DESCRIPTION: "CORC is a research project exploring the cooperative creation and sharing of metadata by libraries... and CORC is designed to help both libraries and OCLC to move more quickly in coping with the huge amount of material becoming available on the World Wide Web."--Titls screen. KEYWORDS: internet resources catalog TITLE: InterCat: Catalog of Internet Resources CREATOR: OCLC. DESCRIPTION: Records created by the OCLC project "Building a catalog of Internet resources", which initiates a nationwide, coordinated effort among libraries and institutions of higher education to create, implement, test, and evaluate a searchable database of USMARC format bibliographic records, complete with electronic location and access information (USMARC field 856), for Internet-accessible materials. KEYWORDS: internet resources catalog

TITLE: OCLC Internet Lists Web Page CREATOR: OCLC. DESCRIPTION: Includes a form for subscribing to and unsubscribing from OCLC lists and for changing mailing addresses. Lists such as DOC-L, INTERCAT, OCLC-NEWS, TAPECHANGE-L, and TECHBUL-L are availables. KEYWORDS: oclc lists TITLE: OCLC Participating Institutions List CREATOR: OCLC. DESCRIPTION: Searchable by OCLC symbol, institution name, network, city, state, country, and postal code. KEYWORDS: oclc participating institutions TITLE: OCLC PURL CREATOR: OCLC. DESCRIPTION: "A PURL is a Persistent Uniform Resource Locator. Functionally, a PURL is a URL. However, instead of pointing directly to the location of an Internet resource, a PURL points to an intermediate resolution service.The PURL resolution service associates the PURL with the actual URL and returns that URL to the client. The client can then complete the URL transaction in the normal fashion. In Web parlance, this is a standard HTTP redirect."--Title screen. OCLC provides free download of the PURL software. KEYWORDS: url, purl

TITLE:OCLC USER & NETWORK SUPPORT CREATOR: OCLC. DESCRIPTION: USER SUPPORT CONTACT INFORMATION. KEYWORDS: OCLC LISTS TITLE: PASSPORT MACROS CREATOR: OCLC. DESCRIPTION: INCLUDES OCLC-SUPPORTED AND USER-SUPPLIED MACROS FOR PASSPORT FOR WINDOWS. KEYWORDS: PASSPORT FOR WINDOWS, MACROS BIBLIOGRAPHIC UTILITIES: RESEARCH LIBRARIES GROUP (RLG) TITLE: RLG WWW DESCRIPTION: OFFERS INFORMATION ON RLG PRODUCTS AND SERVICES. EUREKA, ARIEL, CITADEL, ZEPHYR, RLIN EVENTS AND WORKSHOPS, RLG JOB OPPORTUNITIES, AND OTHER RLG SERVICES CAN BE SEARCHED BY KEYWORDS. KEYWORDS: BIBLIOGRAPHIC SERVICE, RLIN, WEB SITE TITLE: EUREKA ON THE WEB DESCRIPTION: EUREKA PROVIDES INTERNET USERS EASY ACCESS VIA TELNET TO RLG'S WIDE ARRAY OF RLIN BIBLIOGRAPHIC AND CITADEL ARTICLE-CITATION DATABASES. KEYWORDS: BIBLIOGRAPHIC SERVICE, EUREKA

TITLE: Readable Libraries Information Network (RLIN) DESCRIPTION: An information management and retrieval system used by hundreds of comprehensive research libraries, archival repositories, museums, academic, public, law, technical, and corporate libraries for cataloging, interlibrary loan, and archives and manuscripts control, and to build an international database of bibliographic information which includes: Bibliographic database - an online union catalog of more than 63 million items, reflecting combined holdings of members of The Research Libraries Group, Inc. (RLG) and other RLIN users; ESTC -- The English Short Title Catalogue; Authority files - the Library of Congress's Name Authority and Subject Authority files and the Art and Architecture Thesaurus; and Special databases such as SCIPIO (Art Sales Catalog Database) and the RLG Conspectus Online. All of them can be searched via Eureka (easy-to-use interface), via Zephyr (Z39.50 client), and via RLIN (library technical processing functions). KEYWORDS: bibliographic service, rlin, catalog TITLE: Zephyr DESCRIPTION: "Zephyr provides a Z39.50 server for RLG's databases that can be accessed by any Z39.50 client. Zephyr lets users of other online systems search RLIN bibliographic, the ESTC English Short Title Catalogue, and CitaDel files using the same commands they use to search their own local catalogs or bibliographic utilities, and to display information from these files in familiar, local formats." Configuration information for Zephyr can be found on the Web.

Bibliographic Utilities: Western Library Network (WLN) TITLE: WLN Home Page DESCRIPTION: "WLN provides a broad range of innovative, high quality technical and database services to public libraries, K- 12, college, university, corporate, legal, and medical libraries as well as other institutions throughout North America and abroad.... WLN's union catalog contains over 11 million bibliographic records and over 22 million local library holdings."-- About WLN. KEYWORDS: bibliographic service, wln, web site

Bibliographic Utilities: Non-US Bibliographic Services TITLE: British Library national Bibliographic Services (NBS) DESCRIPTION: NBS distributes the records of the national imprint through the British National Bibliography, which is published in print, as an online database and on CD- ROM. NBS also provides online access to over 17 million bibliographic records in 22 databases, covering printed material from all ages and all cultures. The BLAISE-LINE databases include catalogues of British Library collections, the Library of Congress catalogue and other major bibliographic files. KEYWORDS: bibliographic service, great britain

ALTERNATIVE TO OCLC CATALOGING ALREADY IN SOME LIBRARIES FEWER RECORDS, EMPHASIS ON QUALITYCOPY CATALOGING RECORD SEARCH AND NOTIFICATION INCLUDED UNLIKE WORLDCAT, SKYRIVER IS A FOCUSED RESOURCE POPULATED WITH THE BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORDS LIBRARIES NEED FOR THEIR CURRENT CATALOGING OPERATIONS. SKYRIVER FOLLOWS A MULTI-LEVEL APPROACH TO ITS BIBLIOGRAPHIC SERVICE, AND INCLUDES RECORD DELIVERY AND NOTIFICATION CAPABILITIES—FEATURES IT IS LIKELY TO RELY ON HEAVILY, AT LEAST INITIALLY, GIVEN THE MODEST SIZE OF ITS INITIAL RECORDS DATABASE. Bibliographic Utility SKY RIVER

Philippine Patent Online Search System (PhilPAT) Philippine Patent Online Search System (PhilPAT) enables you to conduct a simple and user-friendly search on its Database containing the Bibliographic Data with searchable fields of information such as Titles, Application/Patent Numbers, Abstracts and Representative Drawings, if any, of IP Philippines granted and published pending patent documents. While the Database is still in the process of completion, its present contents are already very useful for patent search purposes. The search results may not show completely the information contained in the patent document(s), but they can already suggest or indicate whether or not to proceed with the actual inspection of the full document at the IP Philippines Library. The PhilPAT is part of the e-Government Program of the Intellectual Property Office of the Philippines or IP Philippines under its Industrial Property Digital Library for Patents (IPDL- Patents) Project.

Mission: LibraryLink is a one-stop resource center for Filipiniana resources. It aims to provide one search engine or point of entry for researchers and students who are doing research on Filipiniana. LibraryLink provides a venue for interaction among researchers, library professionals, people from the publishing industry and the academe. Members (as of March 19, 2011): 110 institutions. No. of records (as of March 17, 2011): 255,028 records CHAN ROBLES VIRTUAL LIBRARY ChanRobles™ Virtual Law Library – the Home of the Philippine On-line Legal Resources™Virtual Law Library – the Home of the Philippine On-line Legal Resources ChanRobles™ has been on-line since 1998 featuring its world-famous and widely-acclaimed ChanRobles™ Virtual Law Library™Virtual Law Library The ChanRobles™ Virtual Law Library™ contains full text of Philippine laws, statutes and codes, Supreme Court decisions, foreign constitutions and laws as well as thousands of links to worldwide Internet legal resources as well as general Internet guides, search tools and other sites of interest which you may find useful for legal, government, business and educational research.Virtual Law Library