HIV Drug Resistance Training

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Presentation transcript:

HIV Drug Resistance Training Module 15: Specimen Management Present: In this module, we’ll talk about maintaining quality control from the time you receive the sample to the time you dispose of it.

A Systems Approach to Laboratory Quality 2005 A Systems Approach to Laboratory Quality Organization Personnel Equipment Stock Management Quality Control Data Management Remind participants that specimen management is part of the systems approach to laboratory quality. SOPs, Documents & Records Occurrence Management Assessment Process Improvement Specimen Management Safety & Waste Management Module 10: Inventory

Topics Importance of Specimen Management Components of Specimen Management Policies and Procedures Present an overview of the topics in this module: First, we’ll talk about why this topic is so important. Then, we’ll look at the different aspects for specimen management. Finally, you’ll have a chance to discuss the policies and procedures your lab needs to develop to ensure quality specimen management.

Objectives At the end of this module, you will be able to: Describe the importance of specimen management. Define the specimen management process for receipt, rejection, identification, transport, storage, inventory and disposal. Identify policies and procedures needed to support specimen management. Present objectives for the module.

importance of specimen management Why is specimen management important? Transition to next section. Note that we will try to answer this question.

Specimen Management Means… 2005 Specimen Management Means… Policies, procedures and infrastructure to support the safe handling and treatment of biological specimens Module 10: Inventory

Specimen Management Leads to High Quality Testing 2005 Specimen Management Leads to High Quality Testing Lab test results are only as good as the condition of the specimen allows Garbage in, garbage out! Ensures the result is connected to the right specimen and patient Ensure quality specimen management for accurate test results Lab safety Module 10: Inventory

components of specimen management What is involved in specimen management? In what parts of the process is it especially important to control quality? Transition to next section. Note that we will try to answer these questions.

What can happen to a specimen? 2005 What can happen to a specimen? Map it out! Trace the path of a single specimen (plasma or DBS) from the time it enters your lab to the time you dispose of it. What happens to the specimen during that time? What could happen to the specimen to compromise lab safety or testing quality? Facilitate small group activity: Ask participants to work in small groups. Ask them to create a process flow diagram showing the various steps/procedures performed during the time the specimen is in the lab. Ask them to identify “hot spots”—times when things could happen to specimens that would compromise safety or testing quality. Allow 15 minutes. Ask one group to report out, then ask other groups to add insights. Module 10: Inventory

Specimen Management Involves… 2005 Specimen Management Involves… Collecting Samples Receiving Evaluating Quality Labeling Pre-testing Storage and Generating Pending List Communication and Turnaround Time Inventory and Post-testing Storage Disposal Present: Specimen management involves… Collecting specimen from patient Receiving a specimen Evaluating the quality of the received specimen Labeling the specimen Handling and storing the specimen before testing Managing turnaround time Storing the specimen (including freezer storage) Disposing of the specimen (Note: We already talked about DBS samples, and collecting samples is outside this training program, so we’ll focus on the other components.) Module 10: Inventory

Receiving Specimens Inspect specimens upon receipt: 2005 Receiving Specimens Inspect specimens upon receipt: Treat shipping package and specimens as potentially infectious material. Open containers within a Biological Safety Cabinet. Examine incoming specimens and paperwork. Document date and time received and receiver’s initials on Requisition Form. Complete and submit Data Clarification Form if there are any discrepancies or problems with shipment. Complete the Specimen Tracking Log by using the data from the electronic requisition form. Review the guidelines on the slide. Refer participants to the Data Clarification Form and Specimen Tracking Log in their Participant’s Guides and explain how each is used. Module 10: Inventory

Specimen Quality Evaluation 2005 Specimen Quality Evaluation Inspect specimen quality based on genotyping requirements Plasma specimen—frozen and shipped with dry ice Dried blood spots—shipped either at ambient temperature or frozen, based on the lab SOP Check label Compare specimen label to shipment paperwork If discrepancies are noted, resolve the issue before testing. Review the guidelines on the slide. Module 10: Inventory

2005 Rejecting Samples Reject specimens with incomplete identification on the requisition and/or specimen. Do not test these samples unless the information is clarified. Reject specimens with evidence of contamination, leakage or spillage in transit. Report back to the client with the appropriate rejection message.   Reject if insufficient volume for testing. Reject specimens whose integrity/stability is questionable due to improper storage conditions during transportation. Review the guidelines on the slide. Module 10: Inventory

2005 Labeling specimens Once all the samples have been inspected and met acceptance criteria, Assign a unique lab specimen ID to each specimen Place the label on each specimen Review the guidelines on the slide. Module 10: Inventory

Pre-testing Storage and Generating Pending List 2005 Pre-testing Storage and Generating Pending List Generate a pending list for specimens received. Assign testing responsibility. Communicate with requesting clients and determine turn around time (usually 2 wk-6 months depend on the quantity of the shipment). Review the guidelines on the slide. Module 10: Inventory

Specimen Inventory and Post-Testing Storage Store specimens in the appropriate freezers for at least 6 months post testing. (Special purpose specimens can be stored for up to 5 years.) Record the storage location on the Freezer Inventory Form and document it. How to label specimen storage location: Freezer name/number Shelf number Box number/location Example: H-2-5A5 Review the guidelines on the slide. Refer participants to the Freezer Inventory Form and explain how it is used.

Disposing of the Specimens 2005 Disposing of the Specimens Establish policies on when and how to dispose stored specimens. Usually maintain specimens in the laboratory a minimum of six months to allow for repeat testing or verification of data purposes. If any specimens are discarded, update the information in the electronic/hard copy Specimen Tracking Log. Discard Date Discard By Review the guidelines on the slide. Module 10: Inventory

Policies and Procedures What policies do we need to develop or enhance to ensure the quality control and safety of specimens used for genotyping? Transition to next section. Note that we will try to answer this question.

Policies: Turnaround Time Lab should have clear policy on turnaround time. Turnaround time is one of the key factors that evaluate lab service quality to its clients. Specify priority for genotyping specimen testing. Usually patient specimens should be tested as soon as possible and return results with the minimal turnaround time. Review the guidelines on the slide.

Discussion Think of your current lab policies related to specimen management. What changes, if any, should be made to policies to ensure the quality of genotyping results? Transcription errors Mislabeling DBS card From lab register to specimen transfer log From reference lab to testing site Inadequate specimens Facilitate a group discussion of the questions and ask each lab to create a list of policies they need to revise and policies they need to develop.

Procedures and Forms SOP for specimen management Related document and forms: Results Reporting Procedure Shipping and Export Procedure Occurrence Management Form Customer Communication Form Specimen Tracking Log Drug Resistance Requisition Form Data Clarification Form Freezer Inventory Form Examples of these forms in handout Refer participants to the sample SOP and related documents and forms. Explain how they fit together. Ask participants to discuss how each document might be used/modified.

Reflection What does specimen management mean? What are the different components of specimen management in the life cycle of the sample? What work does your lab need to do in this area? Ask participants to write their own answers to these questions in the blank space on their handouts.

Key Messages Specimen management ensures accurate genotyping results. 2005 Key Messages Specimen management ensures accurate genotyping results. If needed, the original specimen can be easily traced and pulled out for retesting or verification purpose. Module 10: Inventory

Summary Importance of Specimen Management Components of Specimen Management Policies Procedures Ask select participants to summarize, in one or two sentences, the key points they learned in this module.