n Polysomnographic (PSG) Evaluation (looks for abnormalities in stages) n Sleep Latency Test u minutes Average u < 7 minutes Problem n Polysomnographic (PSG) Evaluation (looks for abnormalities in stages) n Sleep Latency Test u minutes Average u < 7 minutes Problem Sleep Assessment

n Dyssomnias u Difficulties Getting Enough Sleep n Parasomnias u Abnormal Behavior During Sleep n Dyssomnias u Difficulties Getting Enough Sleep n Parasomnias u Abnormal Behavior During Sleep  Two Major Categories Overview of sleep disorders

 Primary Insomnia u Common (50% lifetime incidence) u Causes? u Stress u Poor sleep hygiene u Sleep medications u Common (50% lifetime incidence) u Causes? u Stress u Poor sleep hygiene u Sleep medications Insomnia

n The “Sleep Attack” u Triggered by Strong Emotion u Go Right Into REM u Sleep Paralysis (cataplexy) u Hypnagogic Hallucinations n The “Sleep Attack” u Triggered by Strong Emotion u Go Right Into REM u Sleep Paralysis (cataplexy) u Hypnagogic Hallucinations Narcolepsy

n Sleep Apnea u Breathing is Constrained or Ceases u Snoring and Night Sweats u Person Often Unaware of Problem n Sleep Apnea u Breathing is Constrained or Ceases u Snoring and Night Sweats u Person Often Unaware of Problem Apnea

 Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders u The Biological Clock – Suprachiasmatic Nucleus – Melatonin May Help Set the Clock u Jet Lag & Shift Work Types u The Biological Clock – Suprachiasmatic Nucleus – Melatonin May Help Set the Clock u Jet Lag & Shift Work Types Circadian D/O

n Medical Treatments u Prescription and Over-the-Counter (e.g., Ambien, Rozerem) u Hypersomnia & Narcolepsy – Stimulants (e.g., Ritalin) u Breathing-Related Disorders – Medications and Devices n Medical Treatments u Prescription and Over-the-Counter (e.g., Ambien, Rozerem) u Hypersomnia & Narcolepsy – Stimulants (e.g., Ritalin) u Breathing-Related Disorders – Medications and Devices Treatments

n Cognitive-Behavioral Treatments u Improving Sleep Hygiene u Addressing Beliefs About Sleep u Modifying Timing of Sleep u Stress and Relaxation Training u Exercise u Bed=sleep n Cognitive-Behavioral Treatments u Improving Sleep Hygiene u Addressing Beliefs About Sleep u Modifying Timing of Sleep u Stress and Relaxation Training u Exercise u Bed=sleep

Parasomnias n Nightmare disorder n Repeated awakenings with detailed recall of extended and extremely frightening dreams, usually involving threats to survival, security, or self-esteem. On awakening, person is alert and oriented. n Sleep terror disorder n Repeated abrupt awakenings beginning with a panicky scream; intense fear and signs of autonomic arousal; amnesia for the episode and relative unresponsiveness to comfort. n Sleepwalking disorder n RBD n Repeated episodes of rising from bed during sleep and walking about; wakened only with much difficulty; amnesia for the episode; no impairment of mental activity or behavior. (Discuss Case Study from text n Rem-Behavior Disorder (video)