Starter Activity: Think: what do you know about respiration? Discuss this with your partner and your teacher will then lead a class discussion.

Key Area 8 Respiration

Learning Intention: We are learning where our energy comes from. Success Criteria: Be able to name the type of energy our body uses and where it comes from. Be able to carry out an investigation to find out which food has the most energy.

Energy We need energy in order to carry out simple functions and strenuous tasks. The energy we need comes in the form of chemical energy from our food. This is mainly in the form of glucose.

Energy When food is burned, the chemical energy is converted to heat energy. Therefore, to test how much energy is in a food, we can burn it and measure the heat it gives off.

Food Temperature of water at start ( o C) Temperature of water at end ( o C) Temperature rise ( o C) 1.Write the title and aim. 2.Identify the independent and dependent variables. 3.Method: Draw out the diagram below (in pencil). 4.Results: Copy and complete table. 5. Write a conclusion based on your results and relate it back to your aim. 6. Evaluation: Discuss the reliability and validity of your results.

The most energy Fats have double the amount of energy than carbohydrates and proteins. Energy is measured in kilojoules (kJ).

Respiration Process that releases chemical energy from food. Occurs in every living cell. Controlled by enzymes. Think back to your starter...

Respiration Learning Intention: We are learning where our energy comes from. Success Criteria: Be able to name the type of energy our body uses and where it comes from. Be able to carry out an investigation to find out which food has the most energy.

Starter Activity: On a show me board, in your own words, answer the following: What is respiration?

Respiration Learning Intention: We are learning about the energy currency our body uses. Success Criteria: Be able to name the energy our body uses. Be able to describe the role it plays in the body.

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) Provides us with an immediate energy source. Is reusable. Quantity of ATP in the body stays more or less constant. Is composed of one adenosine group and three inorganic phosphates. AdenosinePi

Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP) This is the structure that is formed when high energy ATP is broken down into its low energy ADP + Pi. + AdenosinePi

Breakdown, releasing energy Building up (phosphorylation) requiring energy energy ATP (HIGH ENERGY STATE) ADP+Pi (LOW ENERGY STATE) Adenosine Pi

Production of ATP ATP is released when energy-rich substances such as glucose are broken down. In the lab, energy from glucose is released quickly as heat and light. In living cells it is a gradual process with a steady release of energy.

Role of ATP Make energy available for many processes: –M uscular contraction –A ctive transport of molecules –T ransmission of nerve impulses –S ynthesis of proteins.

Role of ATP Carbon dioxide + water ATP Glucose + Oxygen ADP + Pi Amino acids Protein ENERGY TRANSFER RESPIRATION WORK energy

Turnover of ATP Estimated that some active cells require approx. 2 million molecules of ATP per second!! –Made possible by rapid turnover ATP is manufactured at the same time as it is used so no need for vast stores -approx. 50g ATP in body constantly

Find Someone Who… 1. Can name the part of the cell where aerobic respiration takes place. 2. Can draw a molecule of ATP. 3. Can explain how ATP is made. 4. Can tell you two uses of ATP in the body. 5. Can draw a molecule of ADP. 6. Can explain what happens when the last bond in ATP is broken. 7. Can identify the main food group that we get our energy from. 8. Can state the energy rich molecule found in the main food group that provides us with energy. Fold one piece of A4 paper in half three times so you have eight sections. Ask eight different people to answer the questions.

Respiration Learning Intention: We are learning about the energy currency our body uses. Success Criteria: Be able to name the energy our body uses. Be able to describe the role it plays in the body.

Starter Activity: Think: What are four roles of ATP in the body?

Respiration Learning Intention: We are learning about respiration in the presence of oxygen. Success Criteria: Be able to name stage 1 of respiration with oxygen. Be able to describe the process of respiration with oxygen.

Aerobic Respiration Aerobic respiration is when respiration takes place in the presence of oxygen.

Watch and Listen Video Clip

Stage 1- Glycolysis Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm. It is the sequence of reactions that converts 6 carbon glucose molecule into two 3 carbon pyruvate molecules with the production of a relatively small amount of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). GLUCOSE (6C) 2x PYRUVATE (3C) NET GAIN 2ATP

Aerobic Respiration Although “aerobic” means “with oxygen”, oxygen is not required for stage 1. Oxygen is required for stage 2.

Stage 2 This stage has no official name. It takes place in the mitochondria. This process requires oxygen, and is therefore aerobic. It converts pyruvate into carbon dioxide and water and releases 36 ATP. This is controlled by enzymes. Series of enzyme controlled reactions 36ADP + 36Pi 36ATP Pyruvate Carbon dioxide + Water

Aerobic Respiration Requires a suitable temperature as it is controlled by a series of enzymes. Stage 2 requires oxygen. Every 1 glucose molecule makes 38 ATP in total (2ATP from stage 1 and 36ATP from stage 2).

Summary of Complete process of Aerobic Respiration 2ADP + 2 Pi 2ATP 36ADP + 36Pi 36ATP Stage 1 – Glycolysis Does not require oxygen Stage 2 Requires oxygen Combined total 38ATP

Respiration Learning Intention: We are learning about respiration in the presence of oxygen. Success Criteria: Be able to name stage 1 of respiration with oxygen. Be able to describe the process of respiration with oxygen.

Starter Activity: On a show me board, using no notes, can you draw out aerobic respiration.

Respiration Learning Intention: We are learning about respiration in the absence of oxygen that takes place in animals. Success Criteria: Be able to name the process of respiration in the absence of oxygen Be able to describe the process of respiration in the absence of oxygen. Be able to name the conditions that an animal would be in to carry out this process.

Watch and Listen Video Clip

Fermentation Pathway in Animals Fermentation is a type of respiration that occurs in the cytoplasm in the absence of oxygen. Animals have to use this pathway: a)In oxygen poor environments e.g. stagnant water or mud. b)When exercising vigorously.

Stage 1- Glycolysis Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm. It is the sequence of reactions that converts 6 carbon glucose molecule into two 3 carbon pyruvate molecules with the production of a relatively small amount of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). GLUCOSE (6C) 2x PYRUVATE (3C) NET GAIN 2ATP

Stage 2 Pyruvate Lactic Acid No ATP is made during this stage

Effects of Lactic Acid on Muscle Cells. Muscle cells respire anaerobically during vigorous exercise (sprinting, marathon running and weight lifting). MUSCLE FATIGUE is caused as lactic acid builds up in the muscle cells making them ache and contract less powerfully. The OXYGEN DEBT is the volume of oxygen required to convert lactic acid back to pyruvate during the recovery period after exercise. Fermentation in animals is reversible! The RECOVERY PERIOD is important to remove the lactic acid which has built up.

Fermentation Pathway in Animals The fermentation pathway in animals is reversible. It produces on 2ATP for every glucose molecule.

Respiration Learning Intention: We are learning about respiration in the absence of oxygen that takes place in animals. Success Criteria: Be able to name the process of respiration in the absence of oxygen Be able to describe the process of respiration in the absence of oxygen. Be able to name the conditions that an animal would be in to carry out this process.

Starter Activity: Answer the following questions in your question jotter: 1)What is the name given to the type of respiration carried out in animals in the absence of oxygen? 2)Name stage 1 of this type of respiration. 3)How does this type of respiration differ from aerobic respiration?

Respiration Learning Intention: We are learning about respiration in the absence of oxygen that takes place in plants and yeast. Success Criteria: Be able to name the process of respiration in the absence of oxygen Be able to describe the process of respiration in the absence of oxygen. Be able to name the conditions that plants or yeast would be in to carry out this process.

Fermentation Pathway in Plants and Yeast Fermentation is a type of respiration that occurs in the cytoplasm in the absence of oxygen. Plants and yeast have to use the fermentation Pathway: a)When root cells of plants are in waterlogged soil. b)When yeast cells are being used to make wine.

Stage 1- Glycolysis Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm. It is the sequence of reactions that converts 6 carbon glucose molecule into two 3 carbon pyruvate molecules with the production of a relatively small amount of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). GLUCOSE (6C) 2x PYRUVATE (3C) NET GAIN 2ATP

Stage 2 Pyruvate Carbon Dioxide + Ethanol No ATP is made during this stage

Fermentation Pathway in Plants and Yeast This pathway is irreversible as the carbon dioxide produced is lost to the environment.

Fermentation Pathway in Plants and Yeast The fermentation pathway in plants and yeast is irreversible It produces on 2ATP for every glucose molecule

Comparing Respiration Copy and complete the table below. Type of Respiration Where it takes place ProductsHow many ATP produced in stage 2 Total ATP produced Is the reaction reversible? Aerobic Fermentation in Plants & Yeast Fermentation in Animals

Answers Type of Respiration Where it takes place ProductsHow many ATP produced in stage 2 Total ATP produced Is the reaction reverisble ? Aerobic Cytoplasm then mitochondria Carbon dioxide and water 3638no Fermentation in Plants & Yeast CytoplasmCarbon dioxide and ethanol 02no Fermentation in Animals CytoplasmLactic acid 02yes

Respiration Learning Intention: We are learning about respiration in the absence of oxygen that takes place in plants and yeast. Success Criteria: Be able to name the process of respiration in the absence of oxygen Be able to describe the process of respiration in the absence of oxygen. Be able to name the conditions that plants or yeast would be in to carry out this process.