Chapter 6 The New Republic

George Washington – First Inauguration

Section 1 Government & Party Politics Washington had no set rules or guidelines to run his administration Washington set precedents, or acts and statements that would become tradition for running the presidential administration CABINET: group of presidential advisors who also headed executive departments –State, Thomas Jefferson –Treasury, Alexander Hamilton –War, Henry Knox –Attorney General, Edmund Randolph Judiciary Act of 1789: created system of 13 federal district courts, 3 circuit courts of appeals, 6-member Supreme Court, est. Attorney General to represent the US, John Jay first Chief Justice

Section 1 Government & Party Politics Alexander Hamilton’s Plan –strong central government is necessary to preserve the union –wanted a commercial and industrial economy –wanted strong army & navy –sold government bonds to pay national debt rather than using cash reserves –pay for bonds using excise taxes and high tariffs (import taxes) –wanted a Bank of the United States Find 3 benefits to his plan

Section 1 Government & Party Politics Interpreting the Constitution –Loose construction: broad interpretation, doing anything that is not specifically denied in the Constitution, making the government more powerful –Strict construction: narrow interpretation, sticking to only what is very specifically stated in the Constitution to limit the powers of the government Whiskey Rebellion, 1794 –PA farmers distilled grains to make them easier to transport across the mountains to the East –Farmers didn’t want to pay excise tax –Intimidate and attacked tax collectors –National government was powerful enough to put down rebellion

Venn Diagram: Political Parties Madison Jefferson Farmers/tradesmen Favored a French alliance Strict interpretation of Constitution. Bank of US unconstitutional Weak central government Liked the common man Hamilton (Washington) Liked the wealthy elite Favored British alliance Loose interpretation of Constitution Bank of US constitutional Strong central government Distrusted common man first political parties in the US Democratic-Republicans Federalists

Major Political Parties Federalists ( ) Democrat-Republican Anti-Federalists ( ) Democrats (1825 to Present) National Republican ( ) Whig ( ) Republican (1854 to Present)

Red Jacket, 1792

Illinois side – where the Corps of Discovery began

Looking to Missouri where the Missouri River meets the Mississippi River

Closer up

It was flooded from all the rains, can you tell?

Ft. Kaskaskia, IL

Site of the fort

Nothing but dirt mounds remain today

Things to Know (for the test) administration precedent strict construction loose construction Alexander Hamilton Democrat-Republican Whiskey Rebellion Ohio River Valley Conflicts John Jay French Revolution AYZ Affair Alien & Sedition Acts Washington’s Farewell Address Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions bureaucracy John Marshall judicial review Impressments Andrew Jackson Louisiana Purchase Lewis & Clark Tecumseh War Hawks War of 1812 Treaty of Ghent

“Battle of New Orleans” Johnny Horton In 1814 we took a little trip Along with Colonel Jackson down the mighty Mississipp' We took a little bacon and we took a little beans And we caught the bloody British in the town of New Orleans We fired our guns and the British kept a coming There wasn't nigh as many as there was a while ago We fired once more and they began to running Down the Mississippi to the Gulf of Mexico We looked down the river and we seen the British come And there must have been a hundred of them beating on the drums They stepped so high and they made their bugles ring We stood behind our cotton bales and didn't say a thing Old Hickory said we could take 'em by suprise If we didn't fire a musket 'til we looked 'em in the eyes We held our fire 'til we seen their faces well We opened up our squirrel guns and really gave 'em Well they ran through the briars and they ran through the brambles And they ran through the bushes where the rabbits couldn't go They ran so fast the hounds couldn't catch 'em On down the Mississippi to the Gulf of Mexico We fired our cannon 'til the barrel melted down Then we grabbed an alligator and we fought another round We filled his head with cannonballs and powdered his behind And when we touched the powder off the gator lost his mind