Chapter 9 Section 1 The Western Pioneers

Americans Head West In 1800, 387,000 white settlers lived west of Appalachian Mountains by 1820= 2.4 million Reasons for heading west: Religious reasons Chance to own their own land New opportunities for wealth John Louis O’Sullivan Magazine editor-> declare it was “manifest destiny” of Americans to settle all of the continent (West)

Manifest Destiny

Manifest Destiny

Americans Head West Farming New Lands Plows and Reapers Farmers marked out the most fertile soil for their own Squatters- settled on land that didn’t belong to them Congressed passed the Preemption Act of 1830 Gave squatters opportunity to claim and buy their land Up to 160 acres, $1.25 per acre Plows and Reapers Jethro Wood-> patented iron blade plow (1819) John Deere-> created a plow with sharp-edged steel blades (1837) Cyrus McCormick-> mechanical reaper (1834)

Jethro Wood

John Deere

Cyrus McCormick

Settling the Pacific Coast Latecomers to the Midwest headed to California and Oregon Dividing Oregon Oregon was shared by G.B. and the U.S. Missionaries who were reaching out to N.A. in Oregon -> helped spread the word about settling Oregon Populating California California-> belonged to Spain Gov. of California gave land to German immigrant John Sutter Built a trading post and cattle ranch 1845-> over 200 Americans settled their

Settling the Pacific Coast Trails West Kit Carson and Jim Bridger-> gained knowledge of Pacific frontier from natives Carved out several east-to-west passages-> played a vital role in settling the west Most popular-> Oregon Trail Wagon Train Life Made the journey in covered wagons at 1st Hired mountain men to help guide them As trails became worn overlanders found their own way Also used guidebooks Read about the Donner Party on pg.296. Typical trip took 5 to 6 months-> traveling roughly 15 miles per day Roles of men: Roles of women:

John Sutter

Oregon Trail

Oregon Trail

Settling the Pacific Coast Native Americans Feared attacks by NA’s-> from 1840 to 1860, 362 travelers were killed by NA’s-> 426 NA’s were killed by travelers NA’s were very helpful for most part Gave food, info about routes, edible pants, and water sources As travelers increased, NA’s feared they would loose their livelihood (Buffalo) Led to Treaty of Fort Laramie Promised NA’s land

Mormon Migration Read Mormon Migration on pg. 297 Why did the Mormons head west? What happened to Joseph Smith? Who emerged as the new leader of the Mormons? Describe the Mormon Trail.