Web Server Administration Chapter 7 Installing and Testing a Programming Environment

Overview Understand the need for programming languages Understand database management systems (DBMSs) Install and test DBMSs Understand the Web-based programming environment Program with databases

The Need for Programming Languages Web pages with just HTML statements are static pages Pages that contain programming statements allow changes and they are called dynamic pages Programming languages can also be used to update databases and communicate with other systems

Database Management Systems (DBMSs) The purpose of a DBMS is to store data in an organized manner for further processing Structured Query Language (SQL) is the language used to define and manipulate the data Most databases are relational and organize data into tables

Database Tables A primary key uniquely defines a row of data SSN in the Employee table and Department number in the Department table A foreign key is a column in a table that is related to a primary key Department number in the Employee table

Three Categories of SQL Data Manipulation Language (DML) Used for programming and to insert, update, delete, and retrieve data Data Definition Language (DDL) Used to create tables and other related structures in a database Data Control Language (DCL) Allows you to control access to tables

Installing and Testing SQL Server As with other applications, a wizard guides you through the installation By default, it uses the user name you logged on as (typically administrator) to gain access to the system This should be changed to "Use the Local System account" for single server systems If SQL Server needs to communicate with other servers, create a special domain account

Installing and Testing SQL Server- Authentication Mode The Windows Authentication Mode controls access to the database based on Windows users The Mixed Mode allows for SQL Server Authentication This is more appropriate for Web-based systems The sa (systems administrator) account is a SQL Server user that has complete control over the databases

Installing and Testing SQL Server- Creating Tables The GUI interface is similar to Access in creating a table

Installing and Testing SQL Server- Filling Tables with Data Although SQL statements are often used to manipulate data, you can use something similar to a spreadsheet

Installing and Testing MySQL for Red Hat Linux As with other applications, you run an RPM file Start MySQL with /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld start The command-line interface is accessed with mysql Create a password for mysql root account with SET PASSWORD FOR root=PASSWORD('password');

Login to mysql and Create a Database To login from the shell prompt use mysql –uroot –ppassword To create a database called hr create database hr; In order to do any operations on the database such as create tables, you have to "use" it use hr;

Create Tables and Insert Data The following script creates the employee table and adds three employees create table employee ( ssn char(9) primary key, firstname varchar(20), lastname varchar(30), deptno char(2), salary numeric(6)); insert into employee values(' ','Lynn','Gweeny',10,55000); insert into employee values(' ','Elark','Kaboom',10,60000); insert into employee values(' ','John','Doh',20,45000);

Web-based Programming Environment Cookie Text that a Web site stores on your disk Common Gateway Interface (CGI) A protocol that allows the operating system to interact with the Web server Practical extraction and reporting language (Perl) First popular language for Web servers Java Server Pages (JSP) Language similar to Java

Web-based Programming Environment Active Server Pages (ASP) Script-based environment available on all IIS Web servers ASP.NET Compiled programs operate under.NET Framework.NET Framework is an integral part of Windows Server 2003 and can be installed on Windows 2000 PHP Hypertext Protocol (PHP) Popular language available on most platforms The structure of JSP, ASP, and PHP are similar

Using Forms The following HTML produces a form When the submit button is pressed, the data in the form is sent to the file designated as filename

Using ASP to Process a Form The following file displays the information from the form Notice how the items such as "first" match the text names on the form ASP uses for opening and closing tags is one way to retrieve data from the form

ASP.NET ASP.NET is one of the many languages available under the.NET Framework that can be used for the Web The programming model of ASP.NET is superior to that of ASP Has modules for data validation that differentiates between browsers Producing sophisticated reports is much easier

ASP.NET Program that Combines Form and Output

Shell Script in Linux Uses CGI First line states that the shell is being used Not common because of lack of security

Perl Script to Display Contents of a Form Notice how $cgi->param("first") is similar to ASP’s request("first")

Programming with Databases Microsoft uses two methods to bridge the gap between programming languages and databases Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) The original standard Object Linking and Embedding Database (OLEDB) Current standard which is faster and more flexible Linux often uses Java Database Connectivity (JDBC) You can also have a direct connection between the language (such as PHP) and the database (such as MySQL)

Producing a Report Connect to the database Execute a SQL select statement to retrieve data from a table Put the data in a recordset Also known as a resultset, depending on the environment Loop through the recordset and display the contents

A Report in ASP

Using Data Source Names (DSNs) DSNs are connections to databases that an administrator creates on the server They encapsulate the information on the previous slide concerning the connection information The Data Sources (ODBC) wizard is in the Control Panel Once it is created, you can create a connection with Conn.open "DSN=humanresources;uid=sa"

Programming with ASP.NET Although there is a connection and you send it a SQL select statement, the DataGrid component creates the report

Programming with PHP Note the similarity between ASP and PHP, and how different they are from ASP.NET

Summary Programming languages process data, allow you to create dynamic Web pages, and can produce other features Database management systems organize data for processing