Diderot’s Encyclopedia A large set of books with articles and essays expressing Enlightenment views - Banned by the French government and Catholic Church, who feared the ideas may inspire revolts

Changes in Music Classical music emerges, which was a new lighter, elegant style of music. Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven.

Franz Joseph Haydn Developed new forms categorized as classical music –Sonata –Symphony

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Began composing at age 5 Set new standards of elegance and originality Great Operas –Famous Work: Don Giovanni

Ludwig van Beethoven Created symphonies which used the instruments of strings and the piano Enormous range from high to low His work leads to the beginning of the Age of Romanticism

Samuel Richardson Wrote first true English novel Story focused around a young girl who resists her master’s advances –Consisted of a plot, suspense, climax, and detailed characters

Changes in Literature Novels become popular- long works of prose fiction- plots, suspense, thoughts and feelings of characters; read for entertainment Richardson, Fielding

Frederick the Great ruled Prussia (modern day Germany) Allowed religious freedom reduced censorship improved education did nothing to end serfdom Believed his goal was to serve and strengthen the state and support the citizens

Joseph II ruled Austria Made legal reforms allowed free press free worship abolished serfdom (peasants paid in cash) nobles disliked and reversed reforms after he died

Catherine the Great ruled Russia reviewed Russia’s laws and made recommendations for improvements, but they were not carried out did little to improve the life of peasants, and gave nobles total power over them after peasants revolted expanded Russia into Poland gained a port on the Black Sea after war with the Ottomans.

Salons Social gatherings in large drawing rooms, most intense in Paris (the center of the Enlightenment). People gathered to discuss Enlightenment ideas. Salons helped to spread Enlightenment ideas throughout Europe. The middle class became increasingly aware and supportive of new ideas.

Neoclassical Style New art and architectural style that replaced baroque in the 1700s. While baroque style was grand and ornate, neoclassical was simple and elegant.

Examples of Baroque-

Examples of Neoclassical

Enlightened Despots- Monarchs who embraced Enlightenment ideas and made reforms (changes) that reflected new ideas Tried to make countries stronger and rule more effectively