Erosion and Deposition Chapter 8

Changing Earth’s Surface Erosion Sediment Deposition Mass Movement Gravity Creep Mudslides Landslides Slump

Changing Earth’s Surface Weathering, erosion and deposition act to wear down and build up Earth’s surface Gravity pulls sediment downhill in the process of mass movement. There are 4 main types of mass movement: landslides, creep, slump and mudslides

Water Erosion Runoff Rill Gully Stream River Tributary Divide Flood plain Meander Oxbow lake Alluvial fan Delta

Water Erosion Stalactite Stalagmite Karst Topography Drainage Basin Groundwater

Water Erosion Moving water is the major force of erosion that has shaped Earth’s land surface A river may form V-shaped valleys, waterfalls, meanders, oxbow lakes and flood plains When a river slows down it deposits some of the sediment load it carries, forming features such as alluvial fans and deltas

The Force of Moving Water Energy Potential energy Kinetic energy Abrasion Load Friction turbulence

The Force of Moving Water When gravity pulls water down a slope, water’s potential energy changes to kinetic energy Most sediment washes or falls into streams, or is eroded from the streambed by abrasion The greater a rivers slope or volume of flow, the more sediment it can erode

Glaciers Glacier Valley Glacier Continental Glacier Ice Age Fiord Cirque Till Moraine Kettle Lake Glacial Lake Plucking Arete Horn

Glaciers The 2 kinds of glaciers are valley glaciers and continental glaciers Glaciers erode the land through plucking and abrasion. Melting glaciers deposit sediment Most famous Glacial landform is the Matterhorn on the border between Italy and Switzerland in the Pennine Alps. Has an elevation of 4,478 meters.

Matterhorn

Glaciers Chugach National Forest Child’s Glacier Glaciers! They have sculpted much of America's beauty. Yet, there are few places today where glaciers still wage their ancient battle against the land. Southcentral Alaska's 5.6-million-acre Chugach National Forest (pronounced "Chew'gatch") is one of these places - a land of glacial diamonds set on a ring of fire. The slow, relentless force of glacial ice has not been the only land-shaping agent: Forces as quick and powerful as earthquakes, and as dramatic as volcanoes, have played a role in creating one of the most diverse landscapes in Alaska, if not America.

Waves & Wind Erosion Key Terms Beach Longshore Drift Spit Sand Dune Deflation Loess Glacial Flood Plain

Waves The energy of ocean waves comes from wind blowing across the water’s surface and transferring energy to the water Ocean waves hitting land cause erosion through impact and abrasion. Waves also move and deposit sediment along the shore. Much of the sand on N.C.’s Cape Hatteras originally came from the Hudson River, Long Island and Southern New England

Wind Erosion Wind causes erosion mainly through deflation, the blowing of surface materials Landforms created by wind deposition include sand dunes and loess deposits There are two main sources of wind-deposited clay and silt: deserts and glacial meltwater floodplains