Chapter 9 Section 1 The Rise of Industry

Industrialization Industrial Revolution begins in early 1800s but rapidly expands after Civil War Gross National Product (GNP) – the total value of all goods and services produced by a country. The GNP was 8 times greater than it had been when the Civil War ended.

Natural Resources Natural resources contribute to U.S.’s industrial success Water, timber, coal, iron and copper Having these resources meant the US did not have to buy them from other countries. Resources located in West The American oil industry was built on the demand for Kerosene. Edwin Drake – drilled the first oil well in 1859 near Titusville, PA.

A Large Workforce Population triples between 1860-1910, adding to workforce 20 million people immigrate to U.S. between 1860 and 1900 Migration into cities

How did the oil production affect the American Economy? Question 1 How did the oil production affect the American Economy?

Free Enterprise Laissez-faire embraced by Americans A French phrase meaning “let people do as they choose.” Profit motivates entrepreneurs Entrepreneurs – people who risk their capital in organizing and running a business.

Government’s Role in Industrialization Laissez-faire economics practiced – hands off approach to business Struggle between Northeastern and Southern states US raised tariffs against foreign goods Hurts farmers the most

Question 2 Do you think government policies at this time helped or hurt industrialization? Why?

New Inventions 1865: no electric lighting, ice was expensive, mail took weeks to get from east to west Between 1860-1890 Patent and Trademark Office issued 500,000 patents for inventions 1900: inventions such as sewing machine, typewriter, phonograph

Advances in Communications Telegraph: perfected by Samuel F.B. Morse; Morse code – short impulses to represent letters of the alphabet Telephone: 1871 Alexander Graham Bell, by 1900 1.5 million telephones in use

Electric Power Thomas A. Edison – “Wizard of Menlo Park” inventor of phonograph, electric lighting, power station Created new jobs, reduced food spoilage, made refrigeration possible Allowed for construction of new buildings

Electric Power Bessemer Process – made it easier and cheaper to remove impurities from iron to make steel Thaddeus Lowe invented the ice machine – the basis of the refrigerator. This lead to the development of a refrigerated railroad car in 1877.

Question 3 How did the use of electric power affect the economic development of the United States?

Textile industry Automatic Loom – allowed cloth to be made at an even faster rate. Bobbins – were now changed automatically without stopping the loom. Standard sizes Ready – made clothes

Shoe Production Large factories could mass-produce shoes more cheaply and efficiently than local cobblers. Made shoes cheaper

Question 4 - Homework Imagine you are a young person living in this country in the late 1800s. Choose one of the inventions discussed in the section, and write a journal entry describing its impact on your life. Use standard grammar, spelling, sentence structure and punctuation (must be at least 5 sentences)