Good Morning! Bell Ringer Pick up an Upfront Magazine and the corresponding questions Read the article on pages and answer the questions

Chapter 25 “The Industrial Revolution” Section 1 “The Beginnings of Industrialization”

I.Industrial Revolution A. The Agricultural Revolution Paves the Way 1. enclosures, or large fields a. new agricultural methods b. small farmers forced off land 2. Jethro Tull a. 1701, invented seed drill b. boosted crop yields B. Rotating Crops 1. planted different crops each year to restore soil nutrients C. Livestock 1. Robert Bakewell a. allowed only best sheep to breed b. food supplies increased

D. Why the Industrial Revolution Began in England 1. large population of workers 2. natural resources a. water power & coal, iron ore, rivers, & harbors 3. expanding economy 4. political stability a. factors of production 1. land, labor, capital Jethro Tull’s seed drill

II.Inventions Spur Industrialization A. Changes in the Textile Industry 1. John Kay – flying shuttle 2. James Hargreaves – spinning jenny 3. Richard Arkwright – water frame 4. Samuel Crompton – spinning mule 5. Edmund Cartwright – power loom 6. Eli Whitney – cotton gin

flying shuttle spinning jenny water frame spinning mule power loomcotton gin

III.Improvements in Transportation A. Watt’s Steam Engine 1. faster & more efficient 2. entrepreneur a. person organizes, manages, & takes on risks of a business B. Water Transportation 1. Robert Fulton a. steamboat, the Clermont C. Road Transportation 1. turnpikes operated for profit the Clermont

IV.The Railway Age Begins A. Steam-Driven Locomotives 1. George Stephenson a. worked on world’s 1 st railroad line 2. The Liverpool-Manchester Railroad a. Rocket, locomotive designed by Stephenson & son b. opened in 1830 B. Railroads Revolutionize Life in Britain 1. cheap way to transport goods 2. created new jobs 3. agricultural & fishing industries boosted 4. encouraged country people to take city jobs

Daily Essential Questions 1.What were four factors that contributed to industrialization in Britain? 2.Was the revolution in agriculture necessary to the Industrial Revolution? Why? 3.What were some improvements in transportation?

Causes & Effects of the Industrial Revolution CausesEffects Enclosure Movement+ Crop rotation++++ Inventions in textile machines+ Transportation improvements: Steam engine, better roads + Railroads Expand+

Causes & Effects of the Industrial Revolution CausesEffects Enclosure Movement+ small farmers move to factory jobs Crop rotation+ higher crop yields + increased population Inventions in textile machines+ increased textile production Transportation improvements: Steam engine, better roads + helped people and goods move quickly Railroads Expand+ enlarged the market for industry