The Industrial Revolution started with the textile industry. IR quickly spread into other industries. New industries were rapidly created.

Transportation. As goods were being produced faster, need to get goods to market faster. Also, a need to get resources to factories quickly. New transportation began on the rivers with Steamboats. –First steamboat created by Robert Fulton. –Built in 1808, called the Claremont. Steamboats led to oceangoing steamships.

Robert Fulton

The Claremont

Steam power was quickly adopted for overland travel. First train built by George Stephenson in –Top speed – 30 mph. Trains quickly improved to carry cargo and passengers.

George Stephenson

Later came the Internal Combustion Engine. –Led to automobiles and airplanes. First engine builders: –Germany – Gottlieb Daimler, Karl Benz. –France – Etienne Lenoir. –USA – Frank Duryea.

Gottlieb Daimler

Karl Benz

Etienne Lenoir

Frank Duryea Duryea’s race car

Early Internal Combustion Engine Early Auto

World’s Largest Internal Combustion Engine

Stanley Steamer – Steam-powered automobile

Duesenberg – Considered the nicest car of 1920’s & 1930’s.

1957 Chevrolet 1975 Ford

Orville and Wilbur Wright created the first heavier-than-air aircraft. Powered by an internal combustion engine. Flew at Kitty Hawk, South Carolina.

Orville and Wilbur Wright

Electricity and Communication Electricity completely changed the IR. Michael Faraday learned how to create electricity. –Built the first dynamo, or generator. Thomas Edison built the first storage battery and lightbulb. Edison’s Alternating Current (AC) electrical system was used to electrify America.

Michael Faraday

Faraday’s dynamo

Thomas Edison

Edison’s lightbulb

Texas Electric ChairFlorida Electric Chair

Samuel Morse built the telegraph. –Machine that sent electrical impulses down a wire. –Created a language called Morse Code. Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone. –Used electricity and diaphragms to send sound down wires. Marconi learned to send electrical messages without wires. –Called Wireless Communication.

Samuel Morse

Alexander Graham Bell

Gugilemo Marconi

Steel Steel was expensive and of poor quality. Henry Bessemer invented the Bessemer Process. –Blow superheated air through liquid steel to remove impurities and mix steel. Steel became the primary construction material. –Cheaper, stronger, lighter, more flexible, easier to work than iron.

Henry Bessemer