World History

Identify the top 3 inventions of all time that have affected your life ( explain why for each), write in complete sentences. Preview

A time of great economic, technological, and social changes that began in England between 1780 and 1840 and eventually spread throughout Europe and the United States. During this time, power driven machinery in factories replaced work done in homes Video – Introduction to the Industrial Revolution Industrial Revolution

Video #2 Life Before the Industrial Revolution

 During the Middle Ages, most of Europe was organized into farming villages on feudal manors  The manor produced all the food necessary to feed the feudal population (subsistence farming)  1 of 3 manor fields was left fallow (empty) so the field could regain its fertility after being harvested  Animals grazed in these pastures Farming in the Middle Ages

 Disadvantages:  Famers did not use all their available land at all times (the three-field system was inefficient)  Farmers did not experiment with new farming methods Farming in the Middle Ages

 An Agricultural Revolution began in England and spread throughout Europe because:  The population of England was increasing and more food was needed to feed the people  Napoleon’s Continental System cut off food imports from Europe into England, so England had to produce more food itself Farming in the Middle Ages

 Enclosure Movement:  Farmers were losing large amount of crops after animals trampled them; so wealthy landlords fenced in common pastures and experimented with new farming technology  Villages lost common lands and peasants became poorer; but more food was produced The Agricultural Revolution

 Having one field fallow, farmers were not using all available land; BUT planting crops in all fields took nutrients out of the soil  CROP ROTATION (“Scientific Farming”) – Every season, farmers used all fields but changed what crops are in what field (Fields depleted of nutrients by 1 crop are replenished by a different crop): More crops produced The Agricultural Revolution

 Other Discoveries and Innovations:  Jethro Tull invented the seed drill; made planting seed more efficient  Use of new crops (American corn and potatoes grew well in Europe)  Results of Agricultural Revolution:  More food was available and the population increased (death rate declined as fewer people starved) The Agricultural Revolution

Capitalism is an economic system based on private ownership of businesses, free competition, and maximizing profits The Cottage industry is an example of early form of capitalism Video #3 Textile Industry Cottage Industry and Capitalism

 What is the Cottage Industry?  Merchants buy materials (wool, cotton) and take it to the cottages to be spun  Take the new yarn from spinners to weavers (make cloth), then to dyers to color the cloth, then to sewers to make finished product (shirt, pants)  Then, they sell the product for more than material and labor costs = profits Cottage Industry and Capitalism

 Effects of the Cottage Industry:  Big profits from new class of merchants (Profit + New Investment = Bigger Profit)  New source of income for peasants in addition to farming Cottage Industry and Capitalism

 The 1 st Industry was in Textiles:  Cottage industry couldn’t keep up with demand for textiles (clothes)  New machines were invented to improve spinning and weaving  Cotton Gin separated seeds from cotton; made cotton profitable; increased need for slave labor  Video #4 Revolution in Textile Industry  Video #5 Cotton Gin Textile Industry and Factory System

 Rise of the Factory:  New machines were put in factories )too big for homes) and relied on water power so factories located near water sources  Effects of Factories in Britain:  Mass-produced textiles were much cheaper than hand-made products  Villagers lost part of income and were forced to find jobs in urban factories