Plant Taxonomy AHS Agriculture

Warm-up SLM and KUD

Lesson Essential Question How do we order plants/flowers from other countries?

Plant Taxonomy Most plants have more then one name – EX: Snake Plant/Mother in Laws Tongue – Tiger lily/adder’s tongue/yellow snowdrop

Plant Taxonomy Some plants have same common name, different plant What do we do?

Binomial System of Naming Plants Carolus Linnaeus simplified system to two names Two latin names

Binomial System of Naming Plants First name  generic name  belong to same genus Second name  specific name  belong to same species Same species- have same characteristics & produces plants of same type

Binomial System of Naming Plants Species may have varieties Resemble other, but 1 or 2 differences EX: peach tree- prunus persica nectarine- prunus persica var. nucipersica

Binomial System of Naming Plants Cultivar- cultivated variety – EX: Red Maple – Acer rubrum – Cultivars are ‘Red Sunset’ & ‘Autumn Flame’

Binomial System of Naming Plants Generic name- noun Species name- adjective Common generic names: – acer (maple), chrysanthemum (mum), dianthus (pink), hibiscus (mallow), pelargonium (geranium)

Binomial System of Naming Plants Species name- important info, Colors- betula lutea- yellow birch Betula alba – white birch Quercus rubra- red oak Juglans nigra- black walnut

Binomial System of Naming Plants Creeping or erect: – Epigaea repens- trailing arbutus Geographical info: – Anemone Virgiana- Virginia anemones – Taxus canadensis- Canadian yew

Binomial System of Naming Plants Size: – Macro-large – Micro- small – Macrophylla- large leaves – Microphylla- small leaves – Philadelphus microphyllus-little leaf mock orange

Binomial System of Naming Plants Benefit- universal language Can order from anywhere

Activity Work on worksheet, use computer or books to answer questions. 15 minutes. Choose a collection, fill in the information on the form. Complete 2, 30 minutes

Exit Question Answer LEQ and turn in bin: How do we order plants/flowers from other countries?

Plant Families/Scientific Name Rules AHS Agriculture

Warm-up Why do we use scientific names in the horticulture industry?

Lesson Essential Question What are the rules for scientific names?

Plant Families Related genera (pl. genus) with similar flower structures are grouped together into major units known as families

Plant Families Simple flower- separated flowers – Rose- pistil, stamen, petal, sepal Rosaceae – genera- prunus (plum), fragaria (strawberry), rubus (bramble), and malus (apple)

Plant Families Tube flower- petals fused to form corolla tube – Solanaceae family- Genera solanum (potato), petunia, & nicotiana (tobacco)

Plant Families Composite flower- two kinds of flowers packed together to form a single head or “flower.” Outer flowers (ray flowers) have large or small petals, inner flowers (disk flowers) always have small petals.

Plant Families Composite flower- – Asteraceae includes- aster, artemisia (silver mound), helianthus (sunflower), chrysanthemum, achillea (yarrow), senecio (cineraria), calendula (pot marigold)

Plant Families Other families: Brassicaceae (cabbage) Apiaceae (carrot or umbellifer) Papaveraceae (poppy) Liliaceae (lily) Poaceae (grass)

Scientific Name rules Latin names in italics why? Language other then own Generic name written first, then species name & last cultivar (cv.)

Scientific Name rules Generic name capital letter & species with small letter Cultivar preceded by letters cv. Or enclosed with single quotes (‘Red sunset’) with first letter capital

Scientific Name rules When # of species belong to same genus, generic name abbreviated to first capital letter EX: Red Maple- A. rubrum International set of rules known as International Code of Botanical Nomenclature

Taxonomy Chart Kingdom-Plant Division/Phylum- spermatophyta (seed plants) Class- angiosperm (seeds in fruit) Order- acerales Family- aceraceae

Taxonomy Chart Genus- acer Species- rubrum Variety or cultivar- var. ‘October Glory”

Taxonomy Chart Taxonomists- scientists who ID & classify plants

Botanical Mounts Create 5 Botanical mounts using purchased plants- 25 minutes Examine and correctly label 5 plants- explain how you know where to place them- 25 minutes

Exit Question Answer LEQ and turn in bin: What are the rules for scientific names?

Annual Plants AHS Agriculture

Warm-up What can botanical mounts be used for?

Lesson Essential Question What is an annual plant?

Annual Plants that complete their life cycle in 1 year Plants start from seed, grows, blooms, set seed & dies in 1 season EX: vegetable & flower plants (bedding plants)

Annual Flowering annuals- grown to accent & lend color to landscapes Usually started from seed indoors & transplanted into garden Most popular- marigold, petunia, zinnia, ageratum, celosias, coleus, portulaca, pansies, & snapdragon

Flowering Annual Uses- provides color around house, foundation, in flower beds/in front of evergreens, fill spaces between shrubs, give color, supply cut flowers, plant along fences/walks, etc Others?

Annual Consider when picking plants: – Purpose of plants – Where to be planted – Height – Keep shorter plants in front – Select colors that blend well

Annual When allow to set seed, causes strength to be taken from plant & reduced blooming

Annual Create Brochure with pictures & highlights of annuals 30 minutes

Exit Question Answer LEQ and turn in bin: What is an annual plant?

Biennial/Perennial

Warm-up Where are annuals found most of the time?

Lesson Essential Question What is the difference between annual, biennial, and perennial plants?

Biennial Plant that produces vegetation in 1 year, flowers the next, & then dies

Perennial Plants that live from year to year & do not require replanting Tops may or may not die back in winter or dry season Some bloom 1 st yr, most produce larger, more attractive flowers & stronger root systems as time goes on

Perennial Flowering trees called hardy perennials Herbaceous perennial- nonwoody plant that lives from yr to yr but dies back to ground each winter & grows back in spring

Brochure Create a brochure highlighting the biennial and perennial plants 20 minutes

Transplanting Moving from one place to another Annuals transplanted when ready Perennials transplanted in spring or fall

Transplanting Crown must be at correct level (crown is point where the top is connected to roots & where new growth comes from.) As plant is set, firm in around roots with hands Water

Transplanting If plants flower in spring- divide & plant in fall, reverse is true if plants flower in fall, plant in spring Start perennial seeds indoors 6-8 weeks prior to transplant date

Monocot/Dicot Monocot- A plant only having one cotyledon or seed leaf Dicot- a plant having 2 cotyledon or seed leaves

Drawing Draw a picture illustrating the difference between monocot & dicot plants – 15 minutes

Exit Question Answer LEQ and turn in bin: What is the difference between annual, biennial, and perennial plants?

Planning & designing

Warm-up **Pick up text book and Have a seat!!** Why are annuals so commonly used in the garden?

Lesson Essential Question How can we plan & design a balanced flower bed/garden?

Planning & designing Seasonal annuals – Color enhances entryways, eating areas, etc – People enjoy aesthetics & relax

Planning & designing Perennials (285) – Mass varieties in groups of 3,5,9 – Consider time of blooming & space – Use deciduous shrubs to create interest

Planning & designing Factors to consider: – Clients’ individual needs & preferences – Flower color, height, texture – Bed size & design – Surrounding landscapes

Planning & designing Hanging baskets – All baskets need proper drainage – Rule of thumb- plant one less plant then pot size EX: 8-inch pot used, pick 7 plants, place 6 around perimeter & 1 in center

Planning & designing To produce attractive hanging baskets: – Water – Fertilize – Deadhead (removal of dead & faded flowers)

Planning & designing Flower Bed 1. prepare soil – Prepare in fall before planting next spring – Till to loosen – Add organic matter – Test soil for drainage

Planning & designing Flower Bed 2. fertilize – Add 2 lbs of a fertilizer per 100 sq feet in spring – Sprinkle around each plant on soil if above ineffective – Soluble fertilizer- mix with 1 tbsp water – more readily available

Planning & designing Flower Bed 3. mulching- apply 2-3 in. before bed planted – Creates aesthetic to enhance plant – Source of organic matter – Helps control weeds – Conserves moisture – Even temperature

Planning & designing Flower Bed 4. Seeding- – Most seeded indoors & set outside as plants – Plant seeds as deep as they are wide – Pg pictures

Planning & designing Flower Bed 5. Care for plants – Pg charts/pictures – Copy the Procedure box (280) and the 4 boxes on – 20 minutes

Exit Question Answer LEQ and turn in bin: How can we plan and design a balanced flower bed/garden?

Review Review for test tomorrow!