Colonial America New England Colonies Middle Colonies Southern Colonies English Settlement of the New World

New England Colonies Colony Reason Founded Date founded Massachusetts Religious freedom 1620 New Hampshire Trade/fishing 1623 Connecticut Religious freedom & trade 1636 Rhode Island

Life in New England Climate in New England Rocky land made farming difficult. Most farmers grew enough to feed their families. Exporting timber became a major source of income for New Englanders Ship building and fishing Religious groups present: Separatists, Puritans, Church of England Climate in New England – harsh winters, mild summers; Timber led to shipbuilding which led to fishing. The fishing industry was their main source of food. Timber and ship building became big business for New Englanders

Life in the New England Colonies Education – public schools; towns with 50 or more people had to hire a schoolmaster Famous People – John Winthrop (leader of the Puritans), Roger Williams (founder of Rhode Island to escape the Puritans) Government – towns and cities were centers of government Leisure time – most of their time was spent in Church. They had very little time for other leisure activities.

Middle Colonies Colony Reason Founded Date Founded New York Trade 1664 New Jersey Delaware Pennsylvania Religious and Political freedom 1682

Life in the Middle Colonies Diverse population – a large number of settlers came from Ireland, Germany and Scotland; most free Africans lived in this area Land was made up of rich farmland thus farms produced enough food to feed many people in New England and the South. Farming, Mining and textiles were the mainstay of their economy

Life in the Middle Colonies Religious groups – Quakers, Dutch Protestant, Jewish Education – Private Schools; Apprentices. Famous People – William Penn, Benjamin Franklin. Government – Counties were centers of local governments because towns were too small. Each state had a legislature. Leisure time – hunting for sport not food

Southern Colonies Colony Reason Founded Date Founded Virginia Trade/farming 1607 Maryland Religious freedom 1634 North Carolina 1663 South Carolina Georgia Home for debtors 1732

Life in the Southern Colonies 3 distinct areas – mountains, piedmont, coastal plain Farms in the interior of the colonies tended to be small due to heavy forests. Large landowners were in the coastal plain region. Plantation system – slaves, artisans, cash crops

Life in the Southern Colonies Education – wealthy people hired private teachers or sent their children to European schools Religious groups – Catholic (MD), Jewish (GA), Church of England Leisure time – fox hunting, horse racing, harvest parties Famous people – Lord Baltimore (lived in Maryland; passed a law called the Act of Toleration which guaranteed religious freedom) James Oglethorpe Government – State legislatures; white, male, property owners that are 21 or older may vote

Georgia

Venn Diagram: 3 Types of Colonies in North America New England Middle Southern

James Edward Oglethorpe Wealthy, member of House of Commons (British Parliament). Worked on prison reform in England especially for people who could not pay their debts. Oglethorpe and 20 other men proposed another colony to King George II

Reasons for settlement of GA Allow people of England who could not pay their debts a new beginning in a new colony Act as a buffer between the Carolinas and the Spanish who controlled Florida Produce items such as silk, cotton dyes and wine – all products that England had to import from other countries

Georgia’s Charter June 7, 1732 King George II granted a charter making Oglethorpe and his group responsible for settling GA and managing it for 21 years No Catholics No slavery No liquor No lawyers

Chief Tomochichi Settlers left London on the ship Ann Approximately 114-125 people were aboard Ann Before settling in Georgia Oglethorpe had to make friends with the Yamacraw Indians through their chief, Tomochichi February 12, 1733 the passengers were allowed to land on Yamacraw Bluff overlooking the Savannah River

Savannah Oglethorpe, Colonel William Bull and Noble Jones designed the city of Savannah The city was divided into squares. On the north and south sides of each square were lots for houses and small gardens; the east and west sides were set aside for buildings such a churches and stores; the middle of each square was for social, political and religious meetings.

Review of the Colony Very few debtors moved to GA In 1742 the colony allowed the trade of rum In 1750 the colony first allowed slaves In 1752 Georgia became a royal colony under the rule of the King Although the noble ideas on which Georgia was founded were never fulfilled, the colony made progress and survived

Key Ideas, Terms and People Charter James Oglethorpe Chief Tomochichi Yamacraw Indians Savannah Proprietary colony Royal colony