Muscle and Nervous Tissue

Muscle Tissue Slide 3.64 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Made up of muscle cells.  Elongated cells are called muscle fibers  Fibers are bundled together to form muscles

Muscle Tissue Slide 3.64 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Contractile; muscle fibers change shape becoming shorter.  Three types  Skeletal muscle  Cardiac muscle  Smooth muscle

Muscle Tissue Types Slide 3.65 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Skeletal muscle  Also known as voluntary muscle.  Cells are long, thread- like and have more than one nucleus  Cells are striated (striped)  Found in muscles that attach to bones by tendons Figure 3.19b

Muscle Tissue Types Slide 3.66 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Cardiac muscle  Found only in the heart  Function is to pump blood (involuntary)  Cells attached to other cardiac muscle cells at intercalated disks  Cells are striated  One nucleus per cell Figure 3.19c

Muscle Tissue Types Slide 3.67 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Smooth muscle  Involuntary muscle  One nucleus in each spindle-shaped cell  No visible striations  Attached to other smooth muscle cells  Surrounds hollow organs (intestines and stomach) Figure 3.19a

Fill in the chart below Skeletal MuscleCardiac MuscleSmooth Muscle Striations? (yes/no) Voluntary? (yes/no) # of nuclie per cell Locations

Nervous Tissue Slide 3.68 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Located in the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.  Neurons (nerve cells) and nerve support cells  Function is to send impulses to other areas of the body (muscles and glands) Figure 3.20

Tissue Repair Slide 3.69 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Regeneration  Replacement of destroyed tissue by the same kind of cells  Fibrosis  Repair by dense fibrous connective tissue (scar tissue)  Determination of method  Type of tissue damaged  Severity of the injury

Events in Tissue Repair Slide 3.70 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Capillaries become very permeable  Introduce clotting proteins  Wall off injured area  Formation of granulation tissue  Regeneration of surface epithelium

Regeneration of Tissues Slide 3.71 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Tissues that regenerate easily  Epithelial tissue  Fibrous connective tissue and bone  Tissues that regenerate poorly  Skeletal muscle  Tissues that are replaced largely with scar tissue  Cardiac muscle  Nervous tissue within the brain and spinal cord

Developmental Aspects of Tissue Slide 3.72 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Epithelial tissue arises from all three primary germ layers  Muscle and connective tissue arise from the mesoderm  Nervous tissue arises from the ectoderm  With old age there is a decrease in mass and viabililty in most tissues

Muscle Tissue Types Slide 3.65 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Skeletal muscle  Can be controlled voluntarily  Cells attach to connective tissue  Cells are striated  Cells have more than one nucleus Figure 3.19b

Muscle Tissue Types Slide 3.66 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Cardiac muscle  Found only in the heart  Function is to pump blood (involuntary)  Cells attached to other cardiac muscle cells at intercalated disks  Cells are striated  One nucleus per cell Figure 3.19c

Muscle Tissue Types Slide 3.67 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Smooth muscle  Involuntary muscle  Surrounds hollow organs  Attached to other smooth muscle cells  No visible striations  One nucleus per cell Figure 3.19a

Nervous Tissue Slide 3.68 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Neurons and nerve support cells  Function is to send impulses to other areas of the body Figure 3.20

Identify the Tissues