American History The Spanish-American War Mr. Leasure 2014 – 2015 Harrison Career Center.

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Presentation transcript:

American History The Spanish-American War Mr. Leasure 2014 – 2015 Harrison Career Center

Why did Cuba rebel against Spain? Key Question #1

Why did Cuba rebel against Spain? The Spanish Empire was crumbling by the end of the 19 th century.

Why did Cuba rebel against Spain? Spain had controlled most of North American, Central America, and South America.

Why did Cuba rebel against Spain? By 1890, Spain only had a few colonies.

Why did Cuba rebel against Spain? Among them were the Philippine Islands in the Pacific Ocean, and the islands of Cuba and Puerto Rico in the Caribbean Ocean.

Why did Cuba rebel against Spain? Cubans revolted against Spain multiple times during the 1800s but Spain defeated the rebels each time.

Why did Cuba rebel against Spain? In 1895, an economic depression caused Cubans to rebels. Spain sent a harsh general to crush to crush the rebellion.

Why did Cuba rebel against Spain? Spain forced Cubans from their homes and placed them in camps guarded by Spanish troops.

Why did Cuba rebel against Spain? Thousands died of starvation and disease in the camp.

What factors influenced the United States to declare war on Spain. Key Question #2

What factors influenced the U.S.? The revolt in Cuba caused alarm in the U.S. and business leaders were concerned the fighting would cause a disruption in trade between the U.S. and Cuba.

What factors influenced the U.S.? The revolt in Cuba caused alarm in the U.S.

What factors influenced the U.S.? Business leaders were concerned the fighting would cause a disruption in trade between the U.S. and Cuba.

What factors influenced the U.S.? Most Americans became outraged when the press began to describe the atrocities in the Cuban prison camps.

What factors influenced the U.S.? American newspapers attracted readers by printing stories that described – and often exaggerated – news about Spanish cruelty.

What factors influenced the U.S.? This sensational style of writing was known as Yellow Journalism.

What factors influenced the U.S.? The public wanted to go to war by President William McKinley did not want war.

What factors influenced the U.S.? McKinley reluctantly demanded Spain halt its harsh treatment – or else.

What factors influenced the U.S.? McKinley sent the U.S.S. Maine to Cuba.

What factors influenced the U.S.? The U.S. battleship was sent to Cuba to protect U.S. citizens due to the fighting.

What factors influenced the U.S.? In February, 1898, the U.S.S. Maine exploded and sank – killing 260 sailors.

What factors influenced the U.S.? No one knows what caused the explosion – most historians today believe it was an accident. Even so, Americans blamed Spain.

What factors influenced the U.S.? “Remember the Maine, to hell with Spain!”, became the U.S. call to arms.

What factors influenced the U.S.? On April 20, 1898, President McKinley signed a Congressional Resolution that called for Cuban independence and demanded withdrawal of all Spanish Forces from Cuba.

What factors influenced the U.S.? The U.S. gave Spain 3 days to respond and but Spain refused. The Spanish-American war started.

How did the Spanish-American War affect the Philippines? Key Question #3

..affect the Philippines? The U.S. fought for Cuban independence but the first major battle took place in the Spanish colony on the other side of the world – the Philippine Islands.

..affect the Philippines? Many Filipinos had also revolted against Spanish rule on their island too.

..affect the Philippines? When the war started, the U.S. navy met the Spanish navy at Manila Bay in the Philippines.

..affect the Philippines? Within a few hours, the U.S. navy destroyed the Spanish fleet and killed 380 sailors – not one American was killed.

..affect the Philippines? Within months, U.S. armed forces took control of the Philippine Islands.

How did American forces defeat the Spanish in Cuba? Key Question #4

..defeat the Spanish in Cuba? When the Spanish-American War started, the U.S. army only had 28,000 men. After 4 months, over 200,000 more joined up.

..defeat the Spanish in Cuba? When the Spanish-American War started, the U.S. army only had 28,000 men. After 4 months, over 200,000 more joined up.

..defeat the Spanish in Cuba? Among the new recruits was Teddy Roosevelt. Roosevelt helped to organize a cavalry unit nicknamed the Rough Riders.

..defeat the Spanish in Cuba? In June, the Rough Riders and 16,000 soldiers set out for Santiago – the Spanish stronghold in Cuba.

..defeat the Spanish in Cuba? To control Santiago, U.S. soldiers had to capture San Juan Hill – they attacked July 1.

..defeat the Spanish in Cuba? Two days later, U.S. forces captured the hill and destroyed the Spanish naval fleet in Santiago harbor.

..defeat the Spanish in Cuba? A week later, U.S. forces took Puerto Rico.

..defeat the Spanish in Cuba? On August 12, 1898, Spain signed a truce with the United States. For Spain, 400 years of glory had come to an end.

..defeat the Spanish in Cuba? U.S. government officials declared the Spanish-American War had been a “splendid little war”.

What demands did the U.S. make of Spain after the War? Key Question #5

What demands did U.S. make.. ? After the war, the U.S. demanded that Spain give up other colonies after the war.

What demands did U.S. make.. ? Spain had no choice but to agree – the Paris Peace Treaty was signed in December 1898.

What demands did U.S. make.. ? The U.S. did not know what to do with the Philippine Islands.

What demands did U.S. make.. ? The Filipinos believed they were fighting for freedom but the U.S. decided to make the Philippines an U.S. colonies.

What demands did U.S. make.. ? The U.S. was reluctant to give Cuba complete independence. Cuba had to add the Platt Amendment to the Cuban Constitution.

What demands did U.S. make.. ? The Platt Amendment gave the U.S. the right to intervene in Cuban affairs anytime there was a threat to “life, liberty, and property”.

What demands did U.S. make.. ? Cuba also had to allow a U.S. naval base at Guantanamo Bay.

What demands did U.S. make.. ? Puerto Rico became an American territory – the U.S. set up the government and appoint top officials.

What demands did U.S. make.. ? The Puerto Ricans had little to say in their own affairs.

How did Americans feel about the results of the War? Key Question #6

How did Americans feel about.. ? There was a roar of approval for the Spanish-American War. Many Americans hoped their nation would surpass the glory of the old Spanish-Empire.