THERAPEUTIC ACTION OF DRUGS JIBU XII-O

DIFFERENT TYPES OF DRUGS ANTACIDS ANTIHISTAMINES NEUROLOGICALLY ACTIVE DRUGS ANTIMICROBIALS ANTIFERTILITY DRUGS

ANTACIDS The chemical substances which neutralize excess acid in the gastric juices and give relief from acid indigestion,acidity,heart burns and gastric ulcers are called antacids eg.baking soda Metal hydroxides are better alternatives because of being insoluble,these do not increase pH above neutrality. These treatments control only symptoms ,and not the cause .

ANTIHISTAMINES Substances derived from food or environment may cause allergic reaction in human beings . This is due to the release of chemical substances called histamine. Antihistamines are chemical substances which diminish or abolish the main actions of histamine released in the body hence prevent the allergic reaction. Synthetic drugs, Dimetapp and seldane act as antihistamines. They interfere with the natural action of histamine by competing with histamine for binding sites of receptor where histamine exerts its effect.

NEUROLOGICALLY ACTIVE DRUGS TYPES OF NAD TRANQUILIZERS ANALGESICS NON-NARCOTIC DRUGS NARCOTIC DRUGS

TRANQUILIZERS The chemical substances used for the treatment of stress,mild and severe mental disease are called tranquillizers. These affect the message transfer mechanism from nerve to receptor. These relieve anxiety ,stress,irritabiltiy or excitement by inducing a sense of well-being.

Antidepressant drugs Noradreline is one of the neurotransmitters that plays a role in mood changes. If it is low then signal sending activity becomes low, and the person suffers from depression. In these situations antidepressant drugs are required.these inhibit the enzymes which catalyse the degradation of noradreline. If the enzyme is inhibited ,this important neurotransmitter is slowly metabolised and can activate its receptor for longer periods of time,thus counteracting the effect of depression.

ANALGESICS The chemical substances which are used to relive pains without causing impairment of consciousness,mental confusion,inco-ordination or paralysis or some other disturbances of nervous system are called analgesics. These are of two types non-narcotic narcotic

NON-NARCOTIC The commom non-addictive analgesics are aspirin,analgin,novalgin. Aspirin has antipyretic properties also ie; (temperature lowering).used in the prevention of heart attack because it has anti-blood clotting action etc

NARCOTIC Certain narcotics are also used as analgesics .For eg. Morphine and its derivatives are used in severe pain . These are known to be habit forming . When taken in excessive doses these produce stupor coma , convulsions and lead to death .

ANTIMICROBIALS These are the chemical substances used to cure infections due to micro-organisms. Types of antimicrobial drugs; Antibiotics antiseptics and disinfectants

ANTIBIOTICS Antibiotics refers to a substance (produced wholly or partly by chemical synthesis) which in low concentration inhibits the growth or destroys micro-organisms by intervening in their metabolic processes. antibiotic therapy may be regarded as “setting one thief against another.” the antibiotics maybe either bactericidal (kills the organisms in the body ) or bacteriostatic(inhibits the growth of organisms) .

Penicillin has a narrow spectrum Penicillin has a narrow spectrum.These can be used for curing soar throat,rheumatic fever ,local infections ,etc. Broad spectrum antibiotics these are the antibiotics which are effective against several types of harmful micro-organism. therefore, these are for curing a variety of diseases.The common examples are tetracycline,chloromycetin,etc

ANTISEPTICS AND DISINFECTANTS The chemical substances which are used to either kill or prevent the growth of micro-organisms are called antiseptics.These are not harmful to living tissues . eg. are furacin,soframycin. The chemical substances which are used to kill micro-organisms but they cannot be applied on living tissues are called disinfectants. eg. Are chlorine and sulphur dioxide in very low concentration.

ANTIFERTILITY DRUGS These are the chemical substances used to control the preganancy.The basic aim of antifertility drugs is to prevent conception or fertilization. Birth control pills contain a mixture of synthetic estrogen and progesterone derivatives.