The Election of 1816 “The Demise of the Federalist Party”

Sectionalism: Northern Leaders Daniel Webster, Massachusetts J.Q. Adams, Massachusetts Martin Van Buren, New York

Sectionalism: Southern Leaders John C. Calhoun, South Carolina William Crawford, Georgia

Sectionalism: Western Leaders Andrew Jackson, Tennessee William Henry Harrison, Indiana Henry Clay, Kentucky Thomas Hart Benton, Missouri

Henry Clay Henry Clay ( ) US Senator from Kentucky US Senator Speaker of the US House of Representatives (Kentucky) Speaker of the US House of Representatives Secretary of State under John Quincy Adams Secretary of State Perennial Presidential Loser (lost to President John Quincy Adams in 1824, to President Andrew Jackson in 1832, and to President James K. Polk in 1844)Presidential Loser

American System, Nationalistic Economic Program Henry Clay speaker of the house –Tariff of 1816 –Second bank of the US –Internal improvements at the federal expense

WEST  got roads, canals, and federal aide. p WEST  got roads, canals, and federal aide. p EAST  got the backing of protective tariffs from the West. p SOUTH  ?? The American System

Henry Clay

E 1817 – E 363 miles  Albany to Buffalo. E Much further than any other American or European canal. The Erie Canal

The American System The National (Cumberland) Road

Adams – Onis Treaty What was it? Transfer of Florida Who was it between? Spain and the U.S. What did it concern? Seminole Indians What was the outcome? The U.S got Florida

The Adams-Onis Treaty 1819 “The Transcontinental Treaty”

Rush-Bagot Treaty

What was it? Disarmament Pact Who was it between? Great Britain and the U.S. What did it concern?The Great Lakes Region What was the outcome? Created the Longest unfortified/peaceful border in the world Rush-Bagot Treaty 1817

Convention of 1818

What was it? Further improved relations between the U.S. and Great Britain Who was it between? U.S. & Great Britain What did it concern? 1. Fishing Rights 2. Join occupation of the Oregon Country 3. Set boundary at the 49 th Parallel What was the outcome? Great Peace between the U.S. and Great Britain

The Convention of 1818

The West and N.W

US Population Density

The Election of 1820

The Monroe Doctrine What was it? A unilateral decree that the U.S. had the right to REFUSE European expansion into the Western Hemisphere Who was it between? The U.S. & Europe What did it concern? Further European Imperialism What was the outcome? European nations NEVER violated it

3.What would the US do if the warning was not headed? Monroe Doctrine 2.What warning is given to the European countries? 1.What foreign policy principles are established? p Referred to as “America’s Self-Defense Doctrine” The Monroe Doctrine

Missouri Compromise 1820 What was it? A dilemma over admission of Missouri ( a slave state) when there was no Free-State available. Who was it between? Northern and Southern factions in Congress What did it concern? Maintaining the balance between Slave and Free States What was the outcome? The “balance” is maintained

"This momentous question, like a fire-bell in the night, awakened and filled me with terror. I considered it at once as the death knell of the Union... my only consolation is to be, that I live not to weep over it."

Mc Culluch v Maryland What was it? A challenge of the U.S. Bank by the State of Maryland Who was it between? The State of Maryland and the U.S. Government What did it concern? The right of the U.S. Bank to “exist” What was the outcome? The U.S. Government is Supreme

McCulloch v Maryland Constitutionality of the Bank of the United States (BUS) was in question Bank not SPECIFICALLY mentioned in the Constitution “The power to tax is the power to destroy”

Dartmouth College v Woodward What was it? An attempt by the State of New Hampshire to make “public” Dartmouth Who was it between? The State of New Hampshire ( rep. by the Sec’y of the NEW Bd. Of Trustees) and the Board of Trustees of the College Dartmouth What did it concern? Contract Law What was the outcome? Contracts cannot be overturned by outside parties – Contract Clause

Dartmouth College v Woodward New Hampshire wanted to alter Dartmouth Charter – from private to public college Ruled that states could not alter contracts, regardless of age or condition of when contract was made Created the need to place clauses in contracts for revision or revokation

Gibbons v Ogden What was it? A contract dispute over Interstate (between one or more states) Commerce (trade) Who was it between? Gibbons, Ogden, N.Y. State and the U.S. Government What did it concern? “Who” has the right over Interstate Commerce What was the outcome? The Federal (U.S.) Government has the right over Interstate Commerce

Gibbons v. Ogden Aaron Ogden (had a NY ONLY charter -) Licensed by the Legislature of New York State Thomas Gibbons (had a - NY to NJ/NJ to NY charter) Licensed by the U.S. Congress favored Ogden favored Gibbons >>>>>> <<<<