Chapter 11

Parliament What do you know about the Parliamentary system?

Reforming Parliament 1815 constitutional monarchy – House of Commons – House of Lords Two political parties – Nobles, wealthy rule politics House of Lords veto power over lower house – Who does that sound like?

Press for Change Catholics and non- protestants gain suffrage Representation was uneven – Rotten Boroughs Old rural towns w/ low populations Still had seats in Parl. – New industrial cities had no seats Allocate: to distribute according to a plan

Reform Act of 1832 Whigs and Tories battle over reform Middle class/business interests – Whigs Nobles, landowners, $ in agriculture – Tories Redistribution in House of Commons – Electorate: body of people who can vote increases

Chartist Movement Reform didn’t help working class Universal suffrage Secret Ballot: cast votes w/o announcing them publicly Failed twice to make changes – 1848 changes were made

Victorian Era Reign Symbol – Duty, thrift, honesty, hard work, and respect Confident Era – Middle class gain more rights – Empire grew to over 300 million “earn their bread and riches so deservedly that they cannot and ought not to be kept back” – What does this mean? Changes are needed for the working class

New Era 1860’s Benjamin Disraeli: Tories become Conservative Party William Gladstone: Whigs become Liberal Party – Disraeli and Gladstone alternated as PM, both fought for reform

Expand Suffrage Reform Bill of 1867 – Disraeli extends suffrage to working class males 1880s Gladstone and Liberal Party allow farm workers and other workers gain suffrage By 1900 – Constitutional Monarchy to a Parliamentary Democracy Parl. Dem.- executive leaders are chosen by and responsible to the legislature and are members

Limiting the Lords 1911 – Gov’t restricts the power, including veto power on tax bills – The Lords resist, but forced to follow Ceremonial part of gov’t with little power today

Section 2 Social/Econ. Reform What is Free Trade? – Trade between nations w/o quotas, tariffs, or other restrictions Abolition Movement – 1803 end of slave trade – 1833 slavery abolished in all GB colonies

Crime Crimes equal harsh punishment – 200 crimes were punishable by death. Capital offenses: murder, shoplifting, sheep stealing – Juries refused to convict due to the punishments Reform – Lower the number of capital offenses – Death Penalty: murder, piracy, treason, and arson – Petty crimes  penal colonies Australia

More Reforms Growth of labor unions – Creation of the Labour Party Gov’t jobs are not determine by birth Social welfare laws 1918 Women gain suffrage

Ireland Under British rule since 1100’s – Took over good farm land Absentee Landlords – Owned large estate but didn’t live there Irish lived in poverty – Paid high fees to the Church of English

Nationalism Daniel O’Connell-Irish Catholic League Pressured British Gov’t Catholic Emancipation Act – Allowed Irish to hold political office and vote

Home Rule Famine left distrust towards the British What is home rule? – Local self-government Cause splits in Parliament 1914 Home Rule Bill passed – WWI delays this though 1921 Independent

Key Points Section 3 Economic Growth in Europe – Building of the Suez Canal Foreign Affairs – Failure in Mexico – Helped Italy but turns into a rival – Lost of Bismarck New gov’t – 3 rd Republic Premier- Prime Minister  Power – Many political parties  form Coalitions Alliances with various parties to gain majority vote

Key Points Dreyfus – Accused of being a spy for Germany – Anti-Semitism in France and Europe Call for a Jewish state – Zionism: movement to rebuild a Jewish state in Palestine Reform in France – Separate church and state – Some rights gained for women, right to vote not until after WWII

Section 4- Expansion in the US Expansionism-extending one’s boundaries 1803 – Thomas Jefferson and the LA Purchase – Lewis and Clark

Manifest Destiny 1846 – Added Fla., Oregon, and Texas Mexican War – Added Cali. And Southwest “sea to sea” mindset 1867-Alaska 1898-Hawaii

Democracy 1830-all white males could vote Better treatment for sick and education Abolition – Frederick Douglass – Pro slavery/anti-slavery Each new state had to decide

Civil War What do you know about the Civil War? 1860 – Lincoln is elected :anti- slavery – Southern states secede SC is the first South better officers – Robert E. Lee – 600,000 died What were the causes of the south losing? – Lack of supplies – Population – Less industries – transportation

Post War Changes Emancipation Proclamation – Freed the slaves in the south Is there a problem w/ this? Segregation-legal separation of races – Schools, hospitals – Blocked voting – 15 th Amend. Right to vote Separate but equal – Is this equal? – Jim Crow laws

Economic Growth After Civil War – Agricultural and industrial production Takes over as the world’s top producer Progressives – Reformers looking for better conditions, wages, and more rights Theodore Roosevelt