The Health of Calumet County Community Health Assessment October 25, 2012

Provide an overview of the health of the community Look for opportunities for improvement

Age Race/Ethnicity English proficiency Geography Population

Percent of population below 18 and 65 + Calumet and Wisconsin (2011) Calumet County Wisconsin % of population below age 18: 26.6%23.2% % of population age 65 and over: 11.6% 13.9% Source: County Health Rankings/US Census

Race of Residents Calumet County and Wisconsin (2011) Calumet County Wisconsin White Persons 95.7% 88.4% Black persons 0.6% 6.5% American Indian and Alaska Native persons 0.5% 1.1% Asian persons 2.1% 2.4% Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander persons < 0.5% < 0.5% Persons reporting two or more races 1.1% 1.6% Persons of Hispanic or Latino Origin 3.6% 6.1% White persons, not Hispanic 92.3% 83.1% Source: County Health Rankings/US Census

What Makes a Community Healthy?

Mortality: Premature Death Years of potential life lost before age 75 per 100,000 population (age-adjusted) Calumet County and Wisconsin (2012) Calumet County Wisconsin 4,988 6,124

Morbidity: Quality of Life Physical Health Mental Health

Percent of adults self-reporting poor or fair health (age-adjusted) Calumet County and Wisconsin ( ) Calumet CountyWisconsin (4th quartile) 14% 12% Source: County Health Rankings/BRFSS

Average number of physically unhealthy days self-reported in adults in past 30 days (age-adjusted) Calumet County and Wisconsin ( ) Calumet CountyWisconsin (2 nd quartile) Source: County Health Rankings/BRFSS

Average number of mentally unhealthy days reported in past 30 days (age-adjusted) Calumet County and Wisconsin ( ) Calumet CountyWisconsin (1 ST quartile) Source: County Health Rankings/BRFSS

Healthy Days – Mental Health Local - State Comparison 13 * 2007 and 2003 Not asked locally

Healthy Days Effect

Health Behaviors Tobacco Use Physical Activity & Nutrition Alcohol & Drug Use

Percent of adults self-reporting smoking > 100 cigarettes in their lifetime and currently smoking (every day or most days) Calumet County and Wisconsin ( ) Calumet CountyWisconsin (1 st quartile) 15% 20% Source: County Health Rankings/BRFSS

Regular physical activity in adults can lower the risk of: Early death Coronary heart disease Stroke High blood pressure Type 2 diabetes Breast and colon cancer Falls Depressions Physical activity in children and adolescents can: Improve bone health Improve cardio-respiratory & muscular fitness Decrease levels of body fat Reduce symptoms of depression

Healthy diet reduces risk of: Overweight/obesity Malnutrition Anemia Heart disease High blood pressure Type 2 diabetes Osteoporosis Oral disease Diverticular disease Some cancers At healthy weight less likely to: Have complications during pregnancy Die at earlier age Good nutrition in children important: To healthy growth & development To maintaining appropriate weight

Percent of adults (age 20 +) with BMI > 30 Calumet County and Wisconsin (2009) Calumet CountyWisconsin (3 rd quartile) 31% 29% Source: County Health Rankings/BRFSS

Body Mass Index

Body Mass Index - Age

Percent of adults with no physical activity Calumet County and Wisconsin (2009) Calumet CountyWisconsin (1 st quartile) 19% 23% Source: County Health Rankings/BRFSS

Vigorous Exercise

Estimated 22 million people per year in the US have drug and alcohol problems Can lead to: Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder Alcohol and drug dependencies Liver, brain, and heart disease Contributes to costly physical, mental and public health problems including: Teenage pregnancy HIV/AIDS and other STDs Domestic violence Child abuse Motor vehicle crashes Physical fights Crime Homicide Suicide

Percent of the adult population that reports either binge drinking or heavy drinking Calumet County and Wisconsin ( ) Calumet CountyWisconsin (4 th quartile) 33% 24% Source: County Health Rankings/BRFSS

Alcohol – 5 or More Drinks

Drinking and Driving

Social and Economic Factors Education Employment Income

Years of formal education are correlated strongly with: Improved work and economic opportunities Access to health care (through work situation) More stability during variations in the job market Reduced psychosocial stress; a greater sense of personal control Healthier lifestyles Multi-generational health affects: Education of parents affects the health of their children

Percent of 9th grade cohort that graduates in four years Calumet County and Wisconsin ( ) Calumet CountyWisconsin (1 st quartile) 92% 86% Source: County Health Rankings/WI Department of Public Instruction

Percent of adults age with some college or associate’s degree Calumet County and Wisconsin ( ) Calumet CountyWisconsin (1 st quartile) 69% 63% Source: County Health Rankings/US Census

Unemployment: Increases unhealthy behaviors: alcohol and tobacco use, diet, exercise May lead to physical illness and even death (especially by suicide) May mean less access to health care (because insurance is often tied to employment)

Percent of population age 16+ unemployed but seeking work Calumet County and Wisconsin (2010) Calumet CountyWisconsin (1 st quartile) 6.7% 8.3% Source: County Health Rankings/Bureau of Labor Statistics

Poverty leads to increased risk of: Death Variety of medical conditions and disease incidence Depression Intimate partner violence Poor health behaviors Children are affected more than any age in: Accidental injury Lack of health care access.

Percent of children under 18 living below the Federal Poverty Line (FPL) Calumet County and Wisconsin (2010) Calumet CountyWisconsin (1 st quartile) 8% 19% Source: County Health Rankings/US Census

Physical Environment Built Environment Environmental Quality

Percent of population in poverty that also are far from a grocery store (10 miles rural/one mile urban) Calumet County and Wisconsin (2006) Calumet County Wisconsin (3 rd quartile) 7% 6% Source: County Health Rankings/USDA

Proportion of all restaurants in the county that are fast food restaurants Calumet County and Wisconsin (2009) Calumet County Wisconsin (3 rd quartile) 38% 41% Source: County Health Rankings/US Census

Slide presentation adapted from: The Health of the Community: Community Health Assessment Presentation v 1.0 6/2012 [Final Version due Spring 2014] Wisconsin CHIPP Infrastructure Improvement Project