Human Factors in Approved Maintenance Organizations: An International Survey Dr. William B. Johnson Chief Scientific & Technical Advisor for Human Factors in A/C Maintenance Systems FSF - IFA - IATA Sharing Global Safety Knowledge Seoul, Korea October 1-4, 2007 Federal Aviation Administration

Federal Aviation Administration 1 of 23 FSF - IFA - IATA Sharing Global Safety Knowledge Seoul, Korea October 1-4, Timing is Everything? Link Presentation Time!!

Federal Aviation Administration 2 of 23 FSF - IFA - IATA Sharing Global Safety Knowledge Seoul, Korea October 1-4, Agenda Who responded? Why have an Human Factors Program Regulator Support & MEDA Training Programs Recommendations

Federal Aviation Administration 3 of 23 FSF - IFA - IATA Sharing Global Safety Knowledge Seoul, Korea October 1-4, Survey Goals and Methods Purpose: Assess international status of maintenance HF Look at: HF programs, fatigue management, error management, and training. Comparison: Compare by regulators, Does it make a difference if there is a rule? Distribution: Online survey (80 items) to 630 addresses.

Federal Aviation Administration 4 of 23 FSF - IFA - IATA Sharing Global Safety Knowledge Seoul, Korea October 1-4, Summary Findings Transport Canada and EASA countries have the most robust programs. Strong regulations promote strong HF programs. Fatigue issues are perceived to be important but little action. When companies have programs they are similar. Companies record event data but do not use it enough.

Federal Aviation Administration 5 of 23 FSF - IFA - IATA Sharing Global Safety Knowledge Seoul, Korea October 1-4, Respondent Country and Experience 54 Countries 414 Total Respondents (66% response rate) 200 Organizations (Estimated based on 66%) Experience: 65% > 20 yrs. maintenance experience

Federal Aviation Administration 6 of 23 FSF - IFA - IATA Sharing Global Safety Knowledge Seoul, Korea October 1-4, Responding Countries Argentina 4 Australia 19 Austria 1 Bahrain 1 Belgium 3 Bolivia 3 Brazil 3 Canada 36 Chile 3 China 3 Columbia 3 Cyprus 1 Denmark 1 Ecuador 1 El Salvador 1 Finland 1 France 3 Germany 6 Greece 10 Greenland 1 Guatemala 2 Hong Kong 6 Hungary 1 Ireland 2 Italy 1 Japan 3 Korea 2 Kuwait 1 Luxembourg 1 Malaysia 6 Malta 1 Mexico 4 Netherlands 2 New Zealand 3 Norway 12 Panama 4 Peru 1 Philippines 4 Poland 1 Portugal 2 Romania 1 Singapore 12 Slovenia 1 South Africa 5 Spain 8 Sweden 4 Switzerland 4 Taiwan 9 Thailand 1 Turkey 1 United Arab Emirates 3 United Kingdom 29 United States 160 Venezuela 3

Federal Aviation Administration 7 of 23 FSF - IFA - IATA Sharing Global Safety Knowledge Seoul, Korea October 1-4, Who is your Regulator? (N=404) Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) N=182 45% European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) N= % Civil Aviation Safety Authority (CASA) N=19 Other17.8% Transport Canada N=36 8.9% Civil National Aviation Authority N=72 4.7%

Federal Aviation Administration 8 of 23 FSF - IFA - IATA Sharing Global Safety Knowledge Seoul, Korea October 1-4, What type of Maintenance Organization?

Federal Aviation Administration 9 of 23 FSF - IFA - IATA Sharing Global Safety Knowledge Seoul, Korea October 1-4, Respondent Job/ Role/Responsibility Job Role Title% Supervisor/Manager/ Coordinator37.1 Quality Assurance/Quality Control/Airworthiness 28.4 Training11.9 Engineering6.2 Technician/Mechanic4.4 Consultant/Professor3.9 Inspector/Investigation3.4 Labor Representative3.1 Safety Analyst1.8

Federal Aviation Administration 10 of 23 FSF - IFA - IATA Sharing Global Safety Knowledge Seoul, Korea October 1-4, Agenda Who responded? Why have an Human Factors Program Regulator Support & MEDA Training Program Recommendations

Federal Aviation Administration 11 of 23 FSF - IFA - IATA Sharing Global Safety Knowledge Seoul, Korea October 1-4, Flight/Worker Safety and Compliance Motivate HF Programs

Federal Aviation Administration 12 of 23 FSF - IFA - IATA Sharing Global Safety Knowledge Seoul, Korea October 1-4, Support from your Regulator? Regulatory Model % Support% Work Closely TC CASA O-NAA EASA FAA

Federal Aviation Administration 13 of 23 FSF - IFA - IATA Sharing Global Safety Knowledge Seoul, Korea October 1-4, MEDA is Event Investigation Tool

Federal Aviation Administration 14 of 23 FSF - IFA - IATA Sharing Global Safety Knowledge Seoul, Korea October 1-4, Do you check that suppliers have a QA program?

Federal Aviation Administration 15 of 23 FSF - IFA - IATA Sharing Global Safety Knowledge Seoul, Korea October 1-4, HF Program Elements: Fatigue Management 82% said fatigue was an issue. 25% had Fatigue Management Systems. 36% had Training on Fatigue Management

Federal Aviation Administration 16 of 23 FSF - IFA - IATA Sharing Global Safety Knowledge Seoul, Korea October 1-4, Agenda Who responded? Why have an Human Factors Program Regulator Support & MEDA Training Program Recommendations

Federal Aviation Administration 17 of 23 FSF - IFA - IATA Sharing Global Safety Knowledge Seoul, Korea October 1-4, Canada and EASA have the most HF Training

Federal Aviation Administration 18 of 23 FSF - IFA - IATA Sharing Global Safety Knowledge Seoul, Korea October 1-4, Academic Degree in HF or Related Field16.3% University Diploma39% Attended short course in HF61% Attended short course on HF Instructor Training46.8% Maintenance Work Experience68.5% Licensed Mechanic/Engineer48.5% No formal training12.9% HF Training for Instructors?

Federal Aviation Administration 19 of 23 FSF - IFA - IATA Sharing Global Safety Knowledge Seoul, Korea October 1-4, Preparation of HF Trainers

Federal Aviation Administration 20 of 23 FSF - IFA - IATA Sharing Global Safety Knowledge Seoul, Korea October 1-4, Canada and EASA have the most Continuation Training Canada EASA

Federal Aviation Administration 21 of 23 FSF - IFA - IATA Sharing Global Safety Knowledge Seoul, Korea October 1-4, Recommendations (1) Worker safety, flight safety, regulatory compliance are important motivators when implementing an HF program. Strong Regs. make strong programs. Continue with existing HF content. Address Fatigue as an international issue.

Federal Aviation Administration 22 of 23 FSF - IFA - IATA Sharing Global Safety Knowledge Seoul, Korea October 1-4, Recommendations (2) Improve Instructor HF training Must capitalize on MEDA-like Data Conduct ROI Apply HF to technical documentation issues

Federal Aviation Administration 23 of 23 FSF - IFA - IATA Sharing Global Safety Knowledge Seoul, Korea October 1-4, A Training Tool for FAA Inspectors (Time permitting) Movie

Federal Aviation Administration 24 of 23 FSF - IFA - IATA Sharing Global Safety Knowledge Seoul, Korea October 1-4, Summary Who responded? Why have an Human Factors Program Regulator Support & MEDA Training Program Recommendations