Background Information In the 1400, Europeans did not know much about the world. most Europeans had never been outside Europe European map of the world included only Europe, Asia, and the top of Africa. believed there was only one ocean, the Ocean Sea many people thought the world was flat educated Europeans knew that it was round had no idea how large the world was

Europeans had traveled across some dangerous territory (land) into Asia because of the spices, silks, and other precious items. Many explorers thought there was a faster sea route from Europe into Asia.

ASIAEUROPE NORTH AMERICA SOUTH AMERICA AFRICA ANTARCTICA AUSTRALIA

Atlantic Ocean Pacific Ocean Indian Ocean Arctic Ocean

Number your paper from 1 to 11. Match the name of the ocean or continent with the number and write it on your paper. Use the word bank below. Word Bank Africa Antarctica Arctic Ocean Asia Atlantic Ocean Australia Europe Indian Ocean North America Pacific Ocean South America

Essential Questions 1.Who were the explorers? 2.What did they hope to find? 3.Who sponsored (paid for) their voyages (trips)? 4.What were some of their obstacles (challenges)? 5.What did they accomplish? 6.How did they interact with the Native Americans? 7.How did the Europeans and Native Americans help or hurt each other?

1000BP Vikings Land on Newfoundland

L’Anse aux Meadows - Nfld BP Established settlement Now a World Heritage Site

Who sailed the ocean blue in 1492?

Christopher Columbus REASON for VOYAGES -to find a western sea route to Asia

Tried to convince King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain to pay for the ships that would bring the finest riches from India. The King and Queen finally agreed and gave Columbus three ships, the Nina, the Pinta, and the Santa Maria. When land was found he named the native people there Indians as he thought it was India. Columbus actually landed on an island south of North America, known as San Salvador. This “mistake” in which he discovered the Americas opened the doors to future European exploration.

Christopher Columbus WHO SPONSORED (PAID FOR) the VOYAGES -Spain

Christopher Columbus OBSTACLES/CHALLENGES -had no maps, crew was frightened

Christopher Columbus ACHIEVEMENTS/SUCCESSES -Revealed the existence of the Natives to the Europeans

Christopher Columbus Nina and Pinta Santa Maria

REASON for VOYAGES -to find a western sea route to Asia John Cabot

In 1497, Italian navigator John Cabot sailed from England (sponsor country) to North America. He was trying to find a Northwest Passage to Asia. Cabot explored the coasts of present-day Labrador and Newfoundland in eastern Canada. Cabot explored eastern Canada for England!

John Cabot WHO SPONSORED (PAID FOR) the VOYAGES -England

John Cabot OBSTACLES/CHALLENGES -had no maps

John Cabot ACHIEVEMENTS/SUCCESSES -Explored the east coast of North America

John Cabot

REASON for VOYAGES -looking for riches and the “Fountain of Youth” Juan Ponce de Leon

WHO SPONSORED (PAID FOR) the VOYAGES -Spain

OBSTACLES/CHALLENGES -Fought with American Indians Juan Ponce de Leon

ACHIEVEMENTS/SUCCESSES -First European in Florida, discovered the Gulf Stream Juan Ponce de Leon

REASON for VOYAGES -looking for gold Vasco Nunez de Balboa

WHO SPONSORED (PAID FOR) the VOYAGES -Spain

ACHIEVEMENTS/SUCCESSES -First European to reach Pacific Ocean from the east Vasco Nunez de Balboa

OBSTACLES/CHALLENGES -Had to cross mountains and jungles of Panama; fought with Indians Vasco Nunez de Balboa

Jacques Cartier Cartier sailed for France. He was looking for the Northwest passage to the Indies. He explored the St. Lawrence River in Canada, near what later became Quebec.

Jacques Cartier’s Voyage France St. Lawrence River

REASON for VOYAGES -Northwest passage to Pacific; gold Jacques Cartier

WHO SPONSORED (PAID FOR) the VOYAGES -France

OBSTACLES/CHALLENGES -no route, cold winters, sick crew Jacques Cartier

ACHIEVEMENTS/SUCCESSES -Explored eastern Canada and St. Lawrence River Jacques Cartier

Explorations of Coronado Spanish explorer Francisco Vásquez de Coronado led one of the earliest European expeditions to the Colorado River region in 1540 and Coronado was in search of gold or other riches that were rumored to exist in the legendary Seven Cities of Cibola, which were thought to be located in the Southwest. Members of Coronado’s party did not find the Seven Cities, but they probably did become the first Europeans to view the Grand Canyon. Coronado claimed land in the southwestern U.S. for Spain!

Champlain established the French settlement of Quebec! Samuel de Champlain Samuel de Champlain was a French explorer who, in 1608, founded the Canadian city of Québec as a fur- trading post. Champlain befriended the Algonquin and Hurons in the area. With a party of indigenous peoples and two French companions, Champlain led a raid on the Iroquois, who were defeated largely because the Europeans had firearms.

Samuel de Champlain: Father of New France

REASON for VOYAGES -Northwest passage to Asia Henry Hudson

WHO SPONSORED (PAID FOR) the VOYAGES -England

OBSTACLES/CHALLENGES -No route, cold winters, crew mutinied Henry Hudson

ACHIEVEMENTS/SUCCESSES -Explored Hudson River and Hudson Bay Henry Hudson

LaSalle claimed the Mississippi River Valley for France! Sieur de La Salle Claims Louisiana Territory Sieur de La Salle settled in Canada in La Salle received a land grant near Montréal and entered the fur trade. He also began exploring the North American continent. During an expedition on the Mississippi River in 1682, La Salle claimed the entire Mississippi Valley for France, naming the territory Louisiana.

Areas of Cooperation between the Europeans Farm animals Transportation of firearms and farm tools (technologies) Trade Desire of English to spread Christianity Crops Land Competition for trade Disease Language differences Areas of Conflict between the Europeans

Cultural Interactions of Each European Ethnicity: Spanish Conquered and enslaved Indians Brought Christianity to the New World Introduced European diseases into the New World

Cultural Interactions of Each European Ethnicity: French Established trading posts in the New World Spread Christianity

Cultural Interactions of Each European Ethnicity: English Established settlements and claimed ownership of land Learned farming techniques from American Indians Traded