Project: 2.2 Project Name: Energy and Supply Security Considerations in the Multi-Mirogrid System Project Lead: R. Iravani (University of Toronto) Researchers: S. Wang (Masters) F. Badrkhan (Ph.D.) M. Ramadan (Ph.D.) A. Sani (PDF)) M. Graovac & X. Wang (SRA) October 18, Toronto

2 Load WindStorage CHPDiesel PV Gas-Turbine Wind PV CHP PV EV & PHEV External Signal(s) Central Controller & EMS

3 Physical-layer connection of multiple microgrids  grid 1  grid 2  grid 4  grid 3  grid ‌ n

4 Cyber-layer connection of multiple microgrids  grid 1  grid 2  grid 4  grid 3  grid ‌ n Control Centre External

Control Requirements Analyze and Predict Conditions in the System – Prevent/minimize outages and disturbances – Take corrective actions to maintain integrity of operation (and improve quality of service) Use Communication – Centralized/decentralized methods Minimize Human Involvement Exploit and Integrated Available/Near-Term Technologies

Control Strategy

Model Predictive Control

Milestones: 2011: - Determine impact of high-depth of DER, EV, and microgrids with respect to: a) technical performance of power system (50% complete) b) regulatory issues, standards, grid codes (50% complete) c) protection system 2012: - Develop (linear) dynamic models of typical power systems, including multiple microgrids, for control design/analysis (40% completed) - Identify and develop control strategies (50% completed)

Milestones (continued): 2013: Identify, select, and evaluate communication requirements and infrastructure for control (and protection) of microgrids (5% complete) 2014: Evaluate microgrid controls performance (in coordination with the protection system) - Time-domain simulation (15% complete) - Hardware-in-the-loop (20% complete)

Hardware-in-the-loop Platform based on TRDS and NI-CRIO

Milestones (continued): 2015: Identify test sites for selected test scenarios (0% complete)

Industrial Partners: - BC Hydro - Hydro One - Toronto Hydro - National Instruments * - RTDS * - ?

Direct Links to Other Projects: - Project Project Project Project Project Project Project Project 3.3

Major Challenges: - Lack of regulatory guidelines - Lack of standards, grid codes, guidelines - ICT and sensory requirements