Epidemiology and pathogenicity of African bat lyssaviruses

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Presentation transcript:

Epidemiology and pathogenicity of African bat lyssaviruses I will give a brief overview of rabies in Africa and then also a summary of the work I am involved in as part of my PhD degree Wanda Markotter University of Pretoria South Africa

1986 3 isolates from South Africa 1981 1970 2006 DUVV (GT 4)

DUVV (GT 4) 3 isolates from South Africa 1986 1981 1970 2006 Paweska et al., 2006. Fatal human infection with rabies-related Duvenhage virus, South Africa. Emerg Infect Dis.2006;12:1965-1967. DUVV (GT 4)

LBV isolates

Several new LBV isolates in 2003-2006 from South Africa 4 isolates from fruit bats

Several new LBV isolates in 2003-2006 from South Africa Markotter W, Randles J, Rupprecht CE, Sabeta CT, Wandeler AI, Taylor PJ, Nel LH. Recent Lagos bat virus isolations from bats (suborder Megachiroptera) in South Africa. Emerg Infect Dis. 2006;12:504-506. 4 isolates from fruit bats

Several new LBV isolates in 2003-2006 from South Africa First isolation of LBV from terrestrial wildlife 1 isolate from a mongoose

Several new LBV isolates in 2003-2006 from South Africa First isolation of LBV from terrestrial wildlife Markotter W, Kuzmin I, Rupprecht CE, Randles J, Sabeta CT, Wandeler AI, Nel LH. Isolation of Lagos bat virus from water mongoose. Emerg Infect Dis. 2006;12:1913-1918. 1 isolate from a mongoose

Several new LBV isolates in 2003-2006 from South Africa 1 isolate from a dog

LBV 11 isolates from South Africa Total: 18 isolates

N gene analysis New genotype or not

LBV New genotype or not

Intrinsic variation 99.3% 94.8-99.9% New genotype or not

Between A and B,C 79.1-80.7% Between B and C 82.7-83.3% New genotype or not

? New genotype <80% nt identity Between A and B,C 79.1-80.7% Between B and C 82.7-83.3% New genotype or not

A value of < 1 indicates an overlap.

Pathogenicity i.m. and i.c. i.c.

Intracerebral (i.c.) and intramuscular (i.m.) inoculation 1 x 102 LD50 1 x 103 LD50 1 x 106 LD50

Conclusions Both DUVV and LBV is endemic in South Africa but not frequently reported due to lack of surveillance Genetic diversity of LBV has been underestimated Molecular phylogeny divided previously reported LBV isolates into three lineages independent of the gene used. Two isolates previously classified as LBV fulfill the criteria to be a new lyssavirus genotype Pathogenic profiles of phylogroup II isolates differ and some isolates indicate the same pathogenicity as a gt 1 representatives Pathogenic characteristics of lyssavirus genotypes or phylogroups should not be decided based on one representative isolate

Acknowledgements Prof. Louis H. Nel (UP, South Africa) Dr. Charles E. Rupprecht (CDC, USA) Dr. Ivan Kuzmin (CDC, USA) Dr. Claude T. Sabeta (OVI, South Africa) Dr. Anthony R. Fooks (VLA, UK) Dr. Florence Cliquet (AFFSA, France) Dr. Janusz T Paweska (Special Pathogens, NICD, South Africa) Dr. Robert Swanepoel (Special Pathogens, NICD, South Africa) Miss. Charmaine Wilsenach (UP, South Africa)