Notes: Vertebrate Animals  KINGDOM- Animalia  PHYLUM- Chordata  SUBPHYLUM- Vertebrata  CLASS- 7 different  ORDERS- 9 Placental mammals

Characteristics of all Vertebrates  Backbone  Endoskeleton  Distinct Skull  Closed Circulatory System

Class Agnatha  EX. Lampreys and Hagfish - Jawless - Reproduce Sexually - Gills - 2 Chambered Heart

Class Chondrichthyes  Ex. Sharks and rays - Endoskeleton made of cartilage - Paired fins - Jaws - Lateral line system (for sensing vibrations in water) - Scales - Ovoviviparous (eggs develop & hatch in mom)

Class Osteichthyes  Ex. Tuna, Perch, Bass - Endoskeleton made of bones - Swim Bladder - Usually has external fertilization

Class Amphibia  Ex. Frogs, Toads, Salamander - Ectotherms (use heat in environment to maintain inside body temp) - Needs H2O for breeding - Metamorphosis (tadpole- bullfrog) - Gas exchange through skin

Class Reptilia  Ex. turtles, tortoises, snakes, crocodiles - Ectotherms - Scaly skin - Oviparous (eggs develop & hatch outside mom; bury on land) - 3 or 4 chambered heart

Class Aves  Ex. Birds - Endotherm (maintain body temp by producing heat internally) - Only organism with feathers (modified scales) - 4 chamber heart - Hollow bones (aid in flight) - Front limbs- wings

Class Mammalia  Ex. Humans, bears, pigs, horses, dogs, cats, whales - Endotherms - Hair - Mammary glands - Most Viviparous (give birth to live young)

Three Categories of Mammals  Placental- young develops in uterus  Marsupials- young develops outside the body in a pouch  Monotreme- egg laying mammal

Orders of Placental Mammals  Rodentia- razor sharp teeth (rats, squirrels)  Lagomorphs- fused hind leg bones (rabbits)  Chiroptera- flying mammals (bats)  Carnivora- eat meat (lions, tigers, wolves)  Cetaceans- Blow holes to breathe (dolphins, whales)

Orders of Placental Mammals  Insectivores- eat insects (moles, shrews, hedgehog)  Artiodactyla- even # of toes (cows, sheep, goat, pigs, hippos, camels)  Perissodactyl- odd # of toes (horse, zebra, rhino)  Proboscidea- trunks (elephants)  Primates- opposable thumbs (apes, monkeys, humans)

Human Beings  Domain- EukaryaKingdom- Animalia  Phylum- ChordataSubphylum- Vertebrata  Class- MammaliaOrder- Primate  Family- Hominidae  Genus- Homo  Species- Sapien  Scientific Name: Homo sapien