THE ATOMIC BOMBINGS and THE END OF WORLD WAR II AUGUST – SEPTEMBER, 1945.

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Presentation transcript:

THE ATOMIC BOMBINGS and THE END OF WORLD WAR II AUGUST – SEPTEMBER, 1945

The End of the War Japan Loses Ground: Why? U.S. submarine campaign Massive U.S. bombing campaign Heavy battlefield casualties Desperate measures: “Kamikaze” (Define) campaign “No surrender” on battlefield Homeland defense training U.S. Closes in: How will the war End?

The Atomic Bomb When? When? Where? Where? Oak Ridge, Tennessee Oak Ridge, Tennessee Los Alamos, New Mexico Los Alamos, New Mexico Codename: The Manhattan Project Codename: The Manhattan Project Who? Who? Gen. Leslie Groves Gen. Leslie Groves J. Robert Oppenheimer J. Robert Oppenheimer The First Test: The First Test: July 16, 1945 July 16, 1945 Trinity Site, Alamogordo, New Mexico Trinity Site, Alamogordo, New Mexico Success Success

THE MANHATTAN PROJECT

TRINITY TEST SITE TOWER

TRINITY TEST, JULY 16, 1945

DETONATION SEQUENCE

10 SEC. AFTER DETONATION

DETONATION – FROM DISTANCE DETONATION – FROM DISTANCE

To Bomb Or Not To Bomb Why drop the bomb? Prevent an invasion of Japan Prevent the risk of massive casualties End the war more quickly Why Not? Is it ethical? Do we really need to? Do we understand the long-term effects? What do YOU think?

THE ATOMIC BOMBINGS When? When? August 6, 1945: Hiroshima August 6, 1945: Hiroshima August 9, 1945: Nagasaki August 9, 1945: Nagasaki Effect? Describe: Effect? Describe: Result? Sept. 2, 1945 – Japan Surrenders Result? Sept. 2, 1945 – Japan Surrenders World War II Ends World War II Ends

TIBBETS & SWEENY

Major Major Charles Sweeny, U.S. Army A.F., Lead Pilot, Nagasaki Mission

NAGASAKI BOMBER B-29 SUPERFORTRESS “BOCKS CAR”

AERIAL VIEW - NAGASAKI BEFORE BOMBING

AERIAL VIEW – NAGASAKI AFTER BOMBING

NAGASAKI NAGASAKI BOMBING BOMBING AUGUST 9 th, AUGUST 9 th,

“LITTLE MAN” ATOMIC BOMB

“FAT BOY” ATOMIC BOMB

TYPES OF ATOM BOMBS Hiroshima Hiroshima “Gun” Bomb “Gun” Bomb Nagasaki Nagasaki “Implosion” Bomb “Implosion” Bomb

ATOMIC BOMB FIGURES WW II ATOMIC BOMBS: WW II ATOMIC BOMBS: 1000 TONS OF TNT = 1 “KILOTON” 1000 TONS OF TNT = 1 “KILOTON” WW II BOMBS = 13,000 TONS = 13 KILOTONS WW II BOMBS = 13,000 TONS = 13 KILOTONS 1952 “HYDROGEN” BOMB: 1952 “HYDROGEN” BOMB: 1 MIL. TONS OF TNT = 1 “MEGATON” 1 MIL. TONS OF TNT = 1 “MEGATON” HYDROGEN BOMB = 3 MIL. TONS OF TNT = 3 MEGATONS HYDROGEN BOMB = 3 MIL. TONS OF TNT = 3 MEGATONS 1955: U.S. HAD 30,000+ MEGATONS OF NUCLEAR WEAPONRY 1955: U.S. HAD 30,000+ MEGATONS OF NUCLEAR WEAPONRY ALL EXPLOSIVE ORDNANCE USED BY ALL NATIONS IN WWII ADDED TOGETHER = 1.2 MEGATONS ALL EXPLOSIVE ORDNANCE USED BY ALL NATIONS IN WWII ADDED TOGETHER = 1.2 MEGATONS

HIROSHIMA – AFTER BOMBING

HIROSHIMA HIROSHIMA “SHADOW” “SHADOW”

NAGASAKI AFTERMATH

NAGASAKI DEAD, 1945 NAGASAKI DEAD, 1945

JAPANESE URBAN TARGETS

NAGASAKI BLAST RADIUS

NAGASAKI BOMB CASUALTIES DISTANCE FROM GROUND ZERO (KM): DISTANCE FROM GROUND ZERO (KM): km: 88% Killed, 6% Injured, Pop.: 30, km: 88% Killed, 6% Injured, Pop.: 30, km: 34% Killed, 29% Injured, Pop.: 27, km: 34% Killed, 29% Injured, Pop.: 27, km: 11% Killed, 10% Injured, Pop.: 115, km: 11% Killed, 10% Injured, Pop.: 115,200 TOTAL: 22% Killed, 12% Injured,Pop.: 173,800 TOTAL: 22% Killed, 12% Injured,Pop.: 173,800

ATOMIC BOMB CASUALTIES

BOMBING EFFECTS ON JAPAN

20-KILOTON BLAST ESTIMATE