SLEEP APNEA By Connor Gibbons

What is Sleep Apnea? The stopping or halt of breathing during sleep Sleep depravation and oxygen depravation Testing is called a polysomnography There are three types: ▫Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) ▫Central Sleep Apnea (CSA) ▫Mixed Sleep Apnea (MSA)

Obstructive Sleep Apnea Muscles that hold the airways open during the day relax and collapse on each other Due to the airway becoming smaller, the relaxed muscles create snoring Most common type of sleep apnea Healed by CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure)

Central Sleep Apnea Brain forgets to tell the lungs to breathe Breathing stops, airway open Gasp for air to restart the breathing process More likely in males Congestive heart disorder or arterial fibrillation Smoking Also healed with CPAP Five types ▫High altitude periodic breathing ▫Idiopathic central sleep apnea ▫Shea and Stokes respiration ▫Medical condition induced apnea ▫Drug or substance induced apnea

Mixed Sleep Apnea Combination of the other two types Again, healed with CPAP The brain alerts the body to wake up when noticing low oxygen, either from the airway being open or closed and ceasing to breathe

Causes of sleep apnea Overweight, fat tissue makes the wall of the windpipe thicker Tongue or tonsils are large compared to your windpipe Body structure, size of your head/neck may shrink your windpipe As we age our brain’s ability to stiffen the muscles in our neck decreases

Treatments of sleep apnea CPAP EPAP Assorted pills/medications TransOral Robotic Surgery ▫Creating a large opening in the throat, meant more for OSA

CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure) Splits the airways to prevent them from narrowing or closing Comes with a humidifier to prevent dryness Given to patients after testing positive during a polysomnography

EPAP (Expiratory Positive Airway Pressure) New treatment released by the FDA Single –use, put one over each nostril before you go to sleep Allows air freely into the nose but when it leaves it needs to pass through small holes Creates pressure, keep airway open

Bibliography apnea-surgery/da-vinci-robot-assisted-sleep-apnea-surgery?_vsrefdom=daVinciSleepApneaGoogle&gclid=CJmX- 7b79rMCFQ-e4AodDX0A2Qhttp://middlesexhospital.org/our-services/hospital-services/da-vinci-robot-assisted-surgery/da-vinci-robot-assisted-sleep- apnea-surgery/da-vinci-robot-assisted-sleep-apnea-surgery?_vsrefdom=daVinciSleepApneaGoogle&gclid=CJmX- 7b79rMCFQ-e4AodDX0A2Q PICTURES ▫ T_R4BcWY4TsSUM:&imgrefurl= stoned&docid=whUJpdBZK6cxTM&imgurl= PeopleStoned.jpg&w=1053&h=588&ei=asi4UMDcFoup0AGi_4DIBw&zoom=1&iact=rc&dur=308&sig= &s qi=2&page=1&tbnh=132&tbnw=224&start=0&ndsp=36&ved=1t:429,r:3,s:0,i:158&tx=155&ty=40&ty=40 ▫ ▫ ▫ ▫ ▫ ▫ ▫ ▫ ▫ ▫