1 Pervasive & Ubiquitous Computing Introduction Hao Chu ( 朱浩華 ) 2/22/2005

2 Outline Faculty Intro Student Intro What is Pervasive / Ubiquitous Computing? Course Topics Course Format Course Projects Grading

3 Faculty Intro Ubicomp Lab, i-space Labs New associate professor (8/1/2003) Education: –PhD (1999), Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign –BS (1994), Computer Science, Cornell University Previous Work Experience: –Xerox –Intel –NTT DoCoMo USA Labs

4 Students Intro Please tell us about: –Grade level –Current (future) research area, interests, and faculty advisor –Background (rating: good, fair, none) English (reading, writing, and speaking) Programming skills (C/C++, Java) Hardware Systems (OS or distributed) Networking User Interface Vision –Why are you interested in this course?

5 Terminology What is pervasive & ubiquitous computing (ubicomp)? –Ubiquitous = 到處存在的 ; 遍在的 –Other names: invisible computing, context-aware computing, everyday computing, ambient intelligence, embedded interactive computing, etc. How to realize ubicomp? –Move beyond desktop computing. –Embed computing into everyday objects. –Integrate (seamlessly connecting) physical objects with virtual environment. –Networking everyday objects.

6 Toward Smart Everyday Objects Door can greet you by name upon entering. Wall can sense temperature, humidity, lighting, and adjust air conditioning, de-humidifier, lighting accordingly. Calendar can tell you meeting schedule. Pencils can record everything you write. Book shelf can tell you the location of the book/paper you need. Shoes can tell you where you have walked to. Refrigerator can offer recipes and dietary recommendation. Clothes can show the latest fashion or monitor your physical/mental health. Medicine cabinet can remind you when to take medicines. Dresser can give you fashion advices. Washing machines and dryers adjust to washing & drying instructions on dirty clothes. Credit card will warn if you are spending too much money. Smart chair, smart dining table, etc.

7 Ubicomp is the Future … “The (Computing) World is not a desktop!”... Mark Weiser Ubicomp is how computing will be used in the future: –in everyday activities –invisibly through embedding in the physical objects (requiring little user attention) –to create smart, everyday objects through interconnections and cooperation (with other smart objects)

8 Related Fields of Ubicomp How does Ubicomp come about? (the evolution path) –Distributed Computing (PC + networks) Challenges: performance, scalability, server or network failures, open networks, performance, –Mobile computing (Mobile devices + wireless networks) Challenges: resource-limitation, unpredictable network, power –Ubicomp (Everyday objects + wireless networks) Challenges: understanding user intention, heterogeneous ubicomp environments, invisible user experience, more..

9 Course Topics (Tentative) Vision & challenges Software infrastructure Sensors Context-aware computing Security and privacy Human experience Ubiquitous data access Coping with uncertainty Social computing Project Aura Project Oxygen (Wearable Computing)

10 Course Objective To prepare us (students and faculty) for research in ubicomp. (Try to) duplicate experience from similar courses taught at MIT, Stanford, CMU, and Georgia Tech. –Learning by reading papers Define problems & challenges Understand state-of-art techniques & solutions Identify limitations of state-of-art solutions –Learning by doing projects The project must have a research component.

11 Collaborative Learning This is a research seminar course, so everyone (faculty and students) will contribute to the learning process. –Paper discussion –Paper presentation –Project presentation Ubicomp is a new, fast changing field, so faculty may not know all materials!

12 (Unusual) Course Format Each lecture will discuss 4~5 papers on a specific topic. For each paper, –All will write a paper review before the class –Presenter will give an overview of the paper for 20 minutes. –Everyone will join the discussion for 10 minutes. Students will sign up for papers for presentation.

13 How to read a paper? For each paper, try to answer the following questions: –What is the problem? –What is the current state-of-the-art? –What is the key make-a-difference (new) method and technique? –What is good/bad/ugly about this make-a-difference method? –What has actually been done? –What is the future work?

14 Reading in Depth “Efficient Reading of Papers in Science and Technology”, Michael Hanson & Dylan McNamee Must challenge what you read! Attack the paper (use your common sense) –Are assumptions reasonable? –Is the method similar to other methods in related work? –Is the improvement marginal or significant? –Are arguments logically sound? –Are evaluation metrics reasonable? –Is conclusion drawn logically from measurements?

15 Develop Critical Thinking Critical thinking is "the examination and testing of suggested solutions to see whether they will work." Lindzey, Hall, and Thompson, 1978.

16 SWIFI We will setup a swifi website (collaborative website). –The assigned presenter must post presentation slides and paper summary on swifi course page before the lecture starts. –The assigned presenter will post a discussion summary on the swifi course page after the lecture ends.

17 Next Week Reading Mark Weiser. "Some Computer Science Problems in Ubiquitous Computing." Communications of the ACM, July Mark Weiser. “Some computer science issues in ubiquitous computing.” Communications of the ACM, 36(7):75-85, July Mark Weiser, John S. Brown. "The Coming Age of Calm Technology." M. Satyanarayanan. "Fundamental Challenges in Mobile Computing", Fifteenth ACM Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing, May M. Satyanarayanan. “Pervasive Computing: Vision and Challenges”, In: IEEE Personal Communications. Carnegie Mellon University. (2001).

18 Reading Sources IEEE Pervasive Computing Magazine ACM Ubicomp (2002, 2003, 2004) Pervasive (2002, 2003) IEEE Percom ACM Mobisys, ACM Mobicom, ACM Mobihoc, ACM Sensys, SOSP, etc. Can also be in any system & networking conferences, UI conferences, etc.

19 Project Component Rapid research prototype of an ubicomp application in one semester.

20 Lifecycle of a Research Project Define motivation scenario (Tell an interesting story) –Emphasize the parts of scenario where it is currently not possible, but with your idea, it will become possible. –Show me a proof-of-concept demo prototype Derive problem(s) –Assumptions, requirements, implementation vs. research problems Survey related work Design solution(s) (new method, concept, and SW abstraction) –Differentiate your work from related work –Must answer two questions: What’s new? Why is it significant? Rapid prototype implementation Evaluation of Prototype Implementation (Experiments, user studies) Write a paper

21 Project Phases Phase 1: project idea presentation –Fun, realizable within one semester time framework and computing equipments, has a research component. Phase 2: project proposal document –Form teams, define goals, plan, and needed equipments. Phase 3: project working prototype and final report –Working prototype demonstration –Project report detailing motivation, objective, related work, design, implementation, and evaluation.

22 Project Ideas References: –Georgia Tech “Mobile & Ubiquitous Computing” (Gregory Abowd) –MIT Pervasive Computing (Larry Rudolph) –CMU “Mobile Computing Systems & Applications” (Satya) –Stanford “Mobile and Wireless Networks & Applications” (Mary Baker) IEEE Pervasive Magazines –Education & Training articles by Scott F. Midkiff

23 Project Idea (1) Weighting and RFID surfaces Ergo-chair: it can detect if a person is sitting in the correct posture Emotion-chair: it can detect a person’s mental state by the way how he/she sits on the chair

24 Project Idea (2) Pollution monitor Monitor your exposure to pollutants –Toxic Air –Acid rain –Toxic drinking water –Food chemical or bacteria –Environmental radiation (SUN) –Radiation cell phones & WLAN

25 Project Idea (3) Games Players ’ physical context drives the games. –Players interact with the games and other players in both physical and virtual spaces. –Physical world interactions are the “ cool/innovative aspects ” (differs from PC-based games). “ Hide and Seek ” (Nottingham): –Runaways and policemen carry GPS-enabled cell phones in a city. Both can see their “ approximate locations ” on a city map. Policemen run around in a city to catch the runaways (caught if come within some small distance). “ Ubicomp Doom ” (MIT): –Game is projected on the wall. –No mouse and keyboard -> player’s physical movement moves the virtual player.

26 Project Idea (4) Healthcare Smart refrigerator Smart chopsticks Smart robes Smart pads

27 Project Idea (5) Everywhere Display Projector + mirror

28 Project Idea (6) Personal Experience Computing Lots of photos from your digital camera + Digital photograph frame + Context information –Reminder –Mood pleaser –Reliving memory

29 Other project Ideas Interactive arts Intelligent things Indoor location systems Location-based services Security & Privacy protection Using RFID Anything …

30 Ubicomp Toys I Nokia and Windows CE Smart phones HP IPAQ 5500 (Bluetooth ) IPAQ Accessories: expansion pack, camera, memory card, GPS, GPRS,.. Sensors: light, tilt, temperature, accelerometer, pressure, weight, orientation, ultrasound, etc. Philgets RFID kits Berkeley Motes

31 Ubicomp Toys II Passive RFID tags & readers (Skyetek and Alien) Biometric sensors (heart rate, BVP, GSR, etc.) Projector WiFi based location systems (ekahau.com) Ultrasound-based positioning systems (Navinotesd) Use your imagination –Anything you can find on the network or from your own lab … –However, budget may be limited 

32 Grading (Tentative) Class Participation (30%) –Paper presentation –Paper review –Paper discussion Project (70%)

33 Course Requirements Class attendance (MUST!) –Please don’t register if you cannot wake up in the morning. Good programming skill Some systems & networking background Some creativity Some research experience (if you are not my students) Willing to spend extra time & efforts than what a regular course would need M1 and undergrads, please come & talk with me after the class.

34 Course Homepage (is not up yet.) I will setup a link from my homepage (Click on course link) Check on Wednesday Watch for Course Announcements Download papers

35 Thank you