Session 3 Process and organize data 1

Terminology 2 For a list of computer and internet terminology, please see the following website:

The Computer 3 All computers collect data and process this data into the required information. The process that the computer uses to produce the information is the operating cycle.

Four elements in the operating cycle: Input Processing Storage Output 4

The Operating Cycle 5

Input 6 This is the process of getting data into the computer. In the Hospitality and leisure Industry everything is concerned with the cost and time involved with this element.

Common Input devices Keyboard Numerical Key Pad Mouse Voice input Microphone Bluetooth Bar code reader Scanner 7

Input Devices How would you categorise the input method for the IPOD Touch / Iphone ? 8

Processing 9 This is the manipulation of the data into information. The CPU (central processing unit) executes computer instructions. The memory holds data and programs temporarily.

10 Processing is the thinking that the computer does – 1. the calculations, 2. comparisons, 3. decisions. What you see and hear and touch and feel is input. (WYSIWYG*) *What You See Is What You Get used in COMPUTING to describe a system in which content displayed during editing appears very similar to the final output, which might be a printed document, web page, slide presentation or even the lighting for a theatrical event.

HOW COMPUTERS PROCESS Modern computers are digital, that is, all info is stored as a string of zeros or ones - off or on. All the thinking in the computer is done by manipulating these digits. The concept is simple, but working it all out gets complicated. 11

12 1 bit = one on or off position 1 byte = 8 bits As there are two choices for he each bit there are 256 unique sets of codes or characters that the computer can store. Every character occupies one byte of storage space.

13 ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit) - a digital circuit that performs arithmetic and logical operations. The ALU is a fundamental building block of the central processing unit (CPU) of a computer, and even the simplest microprocessors contain one for purposes such as maintaining timers.digital circuitarithmeticlogicalcentral processing unit microprocessors

Control Unit Control Unit is the part of the computer that controls the Machine Cycle. It takes numerous cycles to do even a simple addition of two numbers. 14

15 The Machine Cycle Fetch -get an instruction from Main Memory Decode -translate it into computer commands Execute -actually process the command Store -write the result to Main Memory

Output 16 Output is useable information - that is, raw input data that has been processed by the computer into information. The most common forms are words, numbers and graphics. When a character is typed on the keyboard the output is shown on the screen. Reports are also classed as output. Egs: screens,printers

Types of Output Hard copy: printed on paper or other permanent media Soft copy: displayed on screen or by other non permanent means 17

Want to know more? m/Lessons/lesson4/lesso n4-4.htm Computer Basics site ACTIVITY! READ IT NOW 18