Fred Branski 1 January 21, 2005 NOAA Emergency Managers Weather Information Network (EMWIN) EMWIN website -

January 21, 2005Fred Branski2 What is EMWIN? The Emergency Managers Information Network is a wireless, priority-driven computer weather data broadcast system providing timely watches, warnings, forecasts, other hydro-meteorological products, graphics and satellite imagery. The Emergency Managers Information Network is a wireless, priority-driven computer weather data broadcast system providing timely watches, warnings, forecasts, other hydro-meteorological products, graphics and satellite imagery. Uses NOAAs GOES satellites and low cost user receive systems Uses NOAAs GOES satellites and low cost user receive systems Data content prioritized to needs of emergency managers Data content prioritized to needs of emergency managers Satellite broadcast from GOES East and West Satellite broadcast from GOES East and West –Rebroadcast in Pacific via PeaceSat4 –Rebroadcast on VHF radio in certain areas –Same bit stream available on Internet

January 21, 2005Fred Branski3 What is EMWIN? EMWIN provides rapid dissemination of: EMWIN provides rapid dissemination of: –Warnings < 2 minutes –Forecasts ~ 5 minutes –Graphics ~ 10 – 15 minutes –Imagery ~ 10 – 15 minutes –Other (as time permits) –In severe weather non-warning products may take longer

January 21, 2005Fred Branski4 EMWIN – How it works Data are collected from a variety of sources Data are collected from a variety of sources –NOAA/NWS Gateway, RTH Washington - GTS –NOAA Weather Wire –FTP –Internet They are assembled at the EMWIN servers and: They are assembled at the EMWIN servers and: –Prioritized –Split into packets –Assembled into a data stream The data stream is then sent to Wallops CDA (NESDIS) where it is: The data stream is then sent to Wallops CDA (NESDIS) where it is: –Up-linked to satellite (GOES East & West) The data stream is then available to be received by user stations The data stream is then available to be received by user stations –From here EMWIN products can be retransmitted by other methods Up-linked to another satellite (ex. PeaceSAT4) Up-linked to another satellite (ex. PeaceSAT4) Transmitted via radio frequency Transmitted via radio frequency Sent on the Internet (BYTE Blaster) Sent on the Internet (BYTE Blaster)

January 21, 2005Fred Branski5 Methods of Dissemination Primary Wireless Methods Primary Wireless Methods –GOES East and West –PeaceSAT4 Secondary Wireless Methods Secondary Wireless Methods –Commercial Satellites –TV SAP channel –TV Vertical Blanking Interval (VBI) –Radio –Pagers Internet Internet

January 21, 2005Fred Branski6 NOAA EMWIN Architecture INTERNET CLOUD NOAA/NWS GATEWAY SYSTEM RTH WASHINGTON – WMO GTS NOAA WEATHER WIRE SYSTEM Primary Servers Backup Servers BYTE BLASTER NETWORK WALLOPS CDAS GOES SPACE CRAFT DEDICATED ANALOG LINE EMWIN FEED SOURCES EMWIN TRANSMIT NETWORK EMWIN INTERNET PUSH BITSTREAM DEDICATED ANALOG LINE/T1 backup Tertiary Backup NOAA WEATHER WIRE SYSTEM EMWIN USERS

January 21, 2005Fred Branski7 GOES Visibility Contours GOES West GOES East 5° Elevation 0° Elevation

January 21, 2005Fred Branski8 GOES East and West footprint

January 21, 2005Fred Branski9 Sample Forecast FPHW60 PHFO SFPHI STATE FORECAST FOR HAWAII NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE HONOLULU HI 4 AM HST FRI JUN HIZ001> STATE FORECAST FOR THE ISLANDS OF KAUAI-OAHU-MAUI-MOLOKAI-LANAI- 4 AM HST FRI JUN HIGH SURF ADVISORY CANCELLED AT 4 AM....TODAY AND SATURDAY...MOSTLY CLEAR BUT FOR ISOLATED SHOWERS. HIGHS MID 80S. LOWS 70 TO 75. TRADE WINDS 15 TO 25 MPH. HIGHS MID 80S. LOWS 70 TO 75. TRADE WINDS 15 TO 25 MPH..EXTENDED FORECAST....SUNDAY THROUGH TUESDAY...BECOMING PARTLY CLOUDY WITH SCATTERED WINDWARD SHOWERS MONDAY AND TUESDAY. HIGHS 80 TO 85. WINDWARD SHOWERS MONDAY AND TUESDAY. HIGHS 80 TO 85. LOWS 70 TO 75. TRADE WINDS 15 TO 25 MPH WEAKENING TO 10 TO 20 LOWS 70 TO 75. TRADE WINDS 15 TO 25 MPH WEAKENING TO 10 TO 20 MPH MONDAY AND TUESDAY. MPH MONDAY AND TUESDAY.

January 21, 2005Fred Branski10 Sample Warning WEHW40 PHEB TSUHWX TEST TSUNAMI BULLETIN NUMBER 003 TEST PACIFIC TSUNAMI WARNING CENTER TEST 11:58 AM HST 01 APR 2003 TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST THIS FOLLOWING BULLETIN IS FOR A CIVIL DEFENSE EXERCISE. TEST TEST TO: CIVIL DEFENSE IN THE STATE OF HAWAII TEST TEST SUBJECT: LOCAL TSUNAMI WARNING CANCELLATION BULLETIN TEST TEST TEST EFFECTIVE IMMEDIATELY, THE URGENT TSUNAMI WARNING ISSUED TEST FOR ALL COUNTIES IN THE STATE OF HAWAII IS CANCELLED. TEST TEST AN EARTHQUAKE HAS OCCURRED WITH THE FOLLOWING PRELIMINARY TEST PARAMETERS: TEST ORIGIN TIME - 11:40 AM HST, 01 APR 2003 TEST COORDINATES NORTH, WEST TEST LOCATION - NEAR SOUTH KONA, BIG ISLAND TEST MAGNITUDE - 7.6

January 21, 2005Fred Branski11 Sample Image

January 21, 2005Fred Branski12 Sample Graphic

January 21, 2005Fred Branski13 EMWIN in the Pacific GOES West broadcast GOES West broadcast PeaceSAT4 broadcast PeaceSAT4 broadcast –Currently PeaceSAT4 rebroadcasts the entire EMWIN data- stream –Some customized products added for the Pacific Provides advance warning of Tsunami and Typhoons Provides advance warning of Tsunami and Typhoons Testimonials received have reported that after a severe event the only weather system still functioning is EMWIN Testimonials received have reported that after a severe event the only weather system still functioning is EMWIN Many island nations already use EMWIN to save lives and property Many island nations already use EMWIN to save lives and property

January 21, 2005Fred Branski14 Why it works so well The equipment is inexpensive The equipment is inexpensive –An entire turnkey system costs as little as $1k System needs little to no infrastructure System needs little to no infrastructure –Easy to run on a laptop –Ex. Solar powered version exists Signal is Weather Proof due to L-Band transmission Signal is Weather Proof due to L-Band transmission Equipment is relatively compact and is very rugged Equipment is relatively compact and is very rugged The Data-stream is free, repeatable and can be customized for local retransmission The Data-stream is free, repeatable and can be customized for local retransmission EMWIN is non-proprietary EMWIN is non-proprietary Multiple inexpensive software display packages are available Multiple inexpensive software display packages are available A large and knowledgeable user community to help monitor performance and answer user questions (EMWIN user list) A large and knowledgeable user community to help monitor performance and answer user questions (EMWIN user list) Transmission covers 3/4 of world surface Transmission covers 3/4 of world surface

January 21, 2005Fred Branski15 EMWIN current specs Frequency on GOES MHz Frequency on GOES MHz Modulation – Dual Frequency Shift Keying (DFSK) Modulation – Dual Frequency Shift Keying (DFSK) Speed kbps Speed kbps Power – EIRP = 51 dBmi Power – EIRP = 51 dBmi EMWIN website -

January 21, 2005Fred Branski16 Why is change necessary? EMWIN shares spare bandwidth in the existing WEFAX channel EMWIN shares spare bandwidth in the existing WEFAX channel The EMWIN/WEFAX broadcast was allowed to exceed UN ITU authorized power level by special exception The EMWIN/WEFAX broadcast was allowed to exceed UN ITU authorized power level by special exception NESDIS GOES N/Q series will use all of former WEFAX channel bandwidth for new Low Rate Information Transfer (LRIT) broadcast NESDIS GOES N/Q series will use all of former WEFAX channel bandwidth for new Low Rate Information Transfer (LRIT) broadcast Must move EMWIN to its own channel, at reduced power Must move EMWIN to its own channel, at reduced power

January 21, 2005Fred Branski17 What must change? With advent of GOES-N/P satellite generation With advent of GOES-N/P satellite generation –Broadcast power must be reduced to comply with ITU power limits: From: 51.0 dBmi (minimum EIRP) From: 51.0 dBmi (minimum EIRP) To: 44.8 dBmi (minimum EIRP) To: 44.8 dBmi (minimum EIRP) –Frequency must change: From: MHz From: MHz To: MHz To: MHz –Modulation must change to partly offset reduction in broadcast power: From: DFSK modulation From: DFSK modulation To: OQPSK modulation To: OQPSK modulation –Forward Error Correction (FEC) coding added to offset balance of power reduction and allow increased data rate

January 21, 2005Fred Branski18 When Could Changes Occur? –GOES-N launch Official date: March 31/April Official date: March 31/April Unofficial date: Not Earlier Than (NET) July 2005 Unofficial date: Not Earlier Than (NET) July 2005 –GOES-N Operational First broadcast of new EMWIN-N service: First broadcast of new EMWIN-N service: –As early as 6-8 months after GOES-N launch –As late as early 2011 –Depends on fuel usage and subsystem health for both GOES 11 and GOES 12

January 21, 2005Fred Branski19 GOES N/P EMWIN Transition Objectives Listen to users & vendors Listen to users & vendors –Keep them informed of changes Prepare and update a transition plan Prepare and update a transition plan –Provide adequate time for changes to be made Establish an overall system design Establish an overall system design –Develop a proof-of-concept prototype receiver –Release schematics and operating software to industry for individual design and production

January 21, 2005Fred Branski20 Informing & Listening EMWIN website - EMWIN website - EMWIN user groups EMWIN user groups Local outreach programs Local outreach programs –Via Warning Coordination Meteorologists in Weather Forecast Offices Special conferences Special conferences –User-vendor conferences –International forums and meetings

January 21, 2005Fred Branski21 Informing & Listening contd Provided latest information on transition planning Provided latest information on transition planning Demonstrated feasibility of a 9.6 kbps prototype software-defined receiver design Demonstrated feasibility of a 9.6 kbps prototype software-defined receiver design Users and vendors urged: Users and vendors urged: –Increasing the system data rate to 19.2 kbps –Keeping transition costs as low as possible –Making EMWIN data stream available as part of LRIT

January 21, 2005Fred Branski22 Informing & Listening contd User-Vendor Recommendations User & vendor recommendations accepted by NWS and NESDIS User & vendor recommendations accepted by NWS and NESDIS –NESDIS has determined technical feasibility of 19.2 kbps data rate –Prototype software-defined receiver design being amended & expected to be ready for testing in January, 2005 –Design will incorporate new features intended to lower costs for commercial vendors –Planning in progress to include EMWIN data stream in LRIT broadcasts

January 21, 2005Fred Branski23 Transition Planning NOAA joint NWS/NESDIS co-ordination team NOAA joint NWS/NESDIS co-ordination team –Formed to plan the transition activities –NWS is focal point for public contact –NESDIS responsible for prototype receiver development and testing Initial transition plan approved in December, 2003 Initial transition plan approved in December, 2003 –Updated version now in preparation

January 21, 2005Fred Branski24 Overall System Design Existing EMWIN on GOES I/M Existing EMWIN on GOES I/M –9.6 kbps data rate –Dual frequency shift keying (DFSK) –No forward error correction Changes for GOES N/P Changes for GOES N/P –Proposed link budget on NWS EMWIN web site –Increased data rate to 19.2 kbps will require changing modulation scheme to offset quadrature phase shift keying (OQPSK) –Reduced broadcast power will require forward error correction Convolutional rate ½ + Reed-Solomon FEC Convolutional rate ½ + Reed-Solomon FEC

January 21, 2005Fred Branski25 Prototype Receiver Design Key design concepts Key design concepts –Minimum dish antenna size will be retained at one meter –Hardware implementation scheme for intermediate frequency conversion –Use of OQPSK and forward error correction to compensate for lower power level –Software-defined receiver for demodulation and decoding functions –Capable of receiving either existing GOES I/M signal or new GOES N/P signal

January 21, 2005Fred Branski26 Prototype Implementation Schedule –Design and build 19.2 kbps prototype –Begin factory testing of prototype –Factory testing complete –Bench testing of prototype at NOAA facility –Live testing of prototype using GOES-N satellite –GOES-N stored on-orbit –Release 19.2 kbps spec and design to industry for mass production of EMWIN station

Fred Branski 27 January 21, 2005 NOAA International Satellite Communication System (ISCS) ISCS website -

January 21, 2005Fred Branski28 The International Satellite Communications System (ISCS) Supports ICAO/WMO requirements (as a servicing World Area Forecast Center - WAFC). Global coverage – – ISCS from 105 degrees east longitude to 65 degrees east longitude (covering the Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, North America, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean). – –Remainder of the world coverage supported by United Kingdom WAFC through their satellite broadcast system called SADIS (primarily covers the European, Asian, and African continents as well as the Indian Ocean).

January 21, 2005Fred Branski29

January 21, 2005Fred Branski30 ISCS RMTN in RA-IV All users committed to sending and receiving data Shared space segment on communications satellite Shared space segment on communications satellite NOAA pays for half of space segment costs NOAA pays for half of space segment costs Half of space segment costs are shared between the other users Half of space segment costs are shared between the other users In RA-IV there are 32 possible participants costs would vary with participation In RA-IV there are 32 possible participants costs would vary with participation Billing is now on annual basis Billing is now on annual basis

January 21, 2005Fred Branski31 Going Two-way Possible after initial installation of ground equipment Possible after initial installation of ground equipment Requires changes in satellite dish feedhorn Requires changes in satellite dish feedhorn Requires changes in connecting hardware Requires changes in connecting hardware Will be at the expense of the site Will be at the expense of the site

January 21, 2005Fred Branski32 Benefits to Two-way Systems New workstations have built-in capacity to send and receive data New workstations have built-in capacity to send and receive data Increased data exchange and opportunities to form partnerships Increased data exchange and opportunities to form partnerships Potentially lower cost for a shared space segment Potentially lower cost for a shared space segment Increased data transmission speed, reliability, and access among two-way users Increased data transmission speed, reliability, and access among two-way users

January 21, 2005Fred Branski33 Questions?