GIS & GPS for the Non-Industrial Private Forest Landowner © Phil Hurvitz, Wffa_ ppt 1 GIS and GPS for the Non-Industrial Private Forest Washington Farm Forestry Association Forest Owners’ Field Day Pack Forest April 27, 2002 by Phil Hurvitz

GIS & GPS for the Non-Industrial Private Forest Landowner © Phil Hurvitz, Wffa_ ppt 2 NIPF Concerns Long-term productivity of forest land Accurate inventories of forest resources Compliance with forest regulation Road maintenance & abandonment plans Property & harvest unit layout Nearly all goals of NIPF require detailed knowledge of ground conditions Accurate maps & inventory Forest resources/stands/property boundary Roads Streams

GIS & GPS for the Non-Industrial Private Forest Landowner © Phil Hurvitz, Wffa_ ppt 3 What is GIS? Computer-based method for the Capture, Storage, Management, Analysis, and Representation/Display of Spatially referenced data … which means … Anything that is or can be mapped

GIS & GPS for the Non-Industrial Private Forest Landowner © Phil Hurvitz, Wffa_ ppt 4 What is GIS? Map data stored, accessed, and analyzed on a computer

GIS & GPS for the Non-Industrial Private Forest Landowner © Phil Hurvitz, Wffa_ ppt 5 What is GIS? Map data stored, accessed, and analyzed on a computer

GIS & GPS for the Non-Industrial Private Forest Landowner © Phil Hurvitz, Wffa_ ppt 6 Why is GIS different from paper maps? Uses the analytical power of the computer to complete complex tasks which would be impossible using paper maps. Uses the computer's storage power to manage large and complex data sets. Allows the integration of many different types of data from many different sources (maps, tabular data, aerial photos, elevation models, satellite imagery, CAD data, etc.) within a single storage, management, and analysis environment. Maps a variety of different data to the same coordinate space, which allows for the analysis of the combination of different themes (e.g., slope, windthrow hazard, and forest age). Digital data are more stable than paper media, easier to copy, and easier to distribute. Many web sites exist that distribute digital geospatial data.

GIS & GPS for the Non-Industrial Private Forest Landowner © Phil Hurvitz, Wffa_ ppt 7 Why is GIS different from paper maps? (continued) Digitally created maps are more easily updated than paper maps. GIS makes it easy to reproduce maps. A single digital map file can be printed at will and multiple times. Allows the creation and use of "one-time" maps (whereas paper maps generally need to be printed and sold by the thousands to recapture the cost of production). For example, a map can be prepared with GIS specifically for a public presentation; the map may never be used after that presentation. Allows individual users to tailor their map displays for their own purposes, rather than having to settle for a general-purpose paper map. Eliminates some user bias (the computer repeats measurement and analytical processes identically, whereas people often repeat processes with random or systematic errors). Brings new tools for thinking differently about geographic data.

GIS & GPS for the Non-Industrial Private Forest Landowner © Phil Hurvitz, Wffa_ ppt 8 How does GIS work? Data are stored in a spatially explicit coordinate system

GIS & GPS for the Non-Industrial Private Forest Landowner © Phil Hurvitz, Wffa_ ppt 9 How does GIS work? Common coordinate framework for multiple data sets

GIS & GPS for the Non-Industrial Private Forest Landowner © Phil Hurvitz, Wffa_ ppt 10 How does GIS work? Map (coordinate) data have descriptive (attribute) data

GIS & GPS for the Non-Industrial Private Forest Landowner © Phil Hurvitz, Wffa_ ppt 11 How does GIS work? Data on the map are linked to descriptive data

GIS & GPS for the Non-Industrial Private Forest Landowner © Phil Hurvitz, Wffa_ ppt 12 What can GIS do for the NIPF? Create maps of your forest Calculate acreage of forest stands Calculate length of streams and roads Generate regulatory buffers around streams and wetlands, … and Calculate potential loss of harvestable lands Aid in road design Aid in sampling and inventory schemes Provide input data for forest analysis software (e.g., LMS, Envision)

GIS & GPS for the Non-Industrial Private Forest Landowner © Phil Hurvitz, Wffa_ ppt 13 What can GIS do for the NIPF? Create maps of your forest

GIS & GPS for the Non-Industrial Private Forest Landowner © Phil Hurvitz, Wffa_ ppt 14 What can GIS do for the NIPF? Calculate acreage of forest stands

GIS & GPS for the Non-Industrial Private Forest Landowner © Phil Hurvitz, Wffa_ ppt 15 What can GIS do for the NIPF? Calculate length of streams and roads

GIS & GPS for the Non-Industrial Private Forest Landowner © Phil Hurvitz, Wffa_ ppt 16 What can GIS do for the NIPF? Generate regulatory buffers around streams and wetlands, and … Generate regulatory buffers around streams and wetlands,

GIS & GPS for the Non-Industrial Private Forest Landowner © Phil Hurvitz, Wffa_ ppt 17 What can GIS do for the NIPF? Calculate potential loss of harvestable lands

GIS & GPS for the Non-Industrial Private Forest Landowner © Phil Hurvitz, Wffa_ ppt 18 What can GIS do for the NIPF? Calculate potential loss of harvestable lands acreage before 150’ bufferacreage after 150’ buffer 24% loss of production land

GIS & GPS for the Non-Industrial Private Forest Landowner © Phil Hurvitz, Wffa_ ppt 19 What can GIS do for the NIPF? Aid in road design: ArcView Pegger extension

GIS & GPS for the Non-Industrial Private Forest Landowner © Phil Hurvitz, Wffa_ ppt 20 What can GIS do for the NIPF? Aid in road design: ArcGIS Culvert design tool

GIS & GPS for the Non-Industrial Private Forest Landowner © Phil Hurvitz, Wffa_ ppt 21 What can GIS do for the NIPF? Aid in sampling and inventory schemes

GIS & GPS for the Non-Industrial Private Forest Landowner © Phil Hurvitz, Wffa_ ppt 22 What can GIS do for the NIPF? Provide input data for forest analysis & visualization software (e.g., LMS, Envision)

GIS & GPS for the Non-Industrial Private Forest Landowner © Phil Hurvitz, Wffa_ ppt 23 What is GPS? Radio-wave based location and navigation system Method for obtaining precise ground coordinates, or navigating to a precise location (15 m to sub-cm, depending on equipment) Spaceborne satellite constellation segment Land-based control segment

GIS & GPS for the Non-Industrial Private Forest Landowner © Phil Hurvitz, Wffa_ ppt 24 How does GPS work? Radio waves are a form of electromagnetic radiation (light) Constant velocity of 299,792,458 m/s Distance = rate * time Radio waves sent from orbiting satellites Time stamp on signal marks the start of the wave Time of reception marks the end of the wave start: 0.00 s end: 0.06 s 12,000 mi

GIS & GPS for the Non-Industrial Private Forest Landowner © Phil Hurvitz, Wffa_ ppt 25 How does GPS work? With the distance from 1 satellite we can locate our position on the surface of a sphere_

GIS & GPS for the Non-Industrial Private Forest Landowner © Phil Hurvitz, Wffa_ ppt 26 How does GPS work? With the distance from 2 satellites we can locate our position on the intersection of 2 spheres (a circle)_

GIS & GPS for the Non-Industrial Private Forest Landowner © Phil Hurvitz, Wffa_ ppt 27 How does GPS work? With the distance from 3 satellites we can locate our position on the intersection of 3 spheres (1 of 2 points)_

GIS & GPS for the Non-Industrial Private Forest Landowner © Phil Hurvitz, Wffa_ ppt 28 How does GPS work? With the distance from 4 satellites we can locate our position on the intersection of 4 spheres (1 point)_

GIS & GPS for the Non-Industrial Private Forest Landowner © Phil Hurvitz, Wffa_ ppt 29 How does GPS work? The point is located on the surface of the earth_

GIS & GPS for the Non-Industrial Private Forest Landowner © Phil Hurvitz, Wffa_ ppt 30 What are the benefits of GPS vs. manual survey? Easy to learn Fast to use Requires less attention to detail Errors are not additive No math!

GIS & GPS for the Non-Industrial Private Forest Landowner © Phil Hurvitz, Wffa_ ppt 31 Potential GPS error sources Satellite geometry Satellites that are closer result in less accurate measurements_

GIS & GPS for the Non-Industrial Private Forest Landowner © Phil Hurvitz, Wffa_ ppt 32 Potential GPS error sources Satellite geometry A large spread of satellites makes the most accurate measurements_

GIS & GPS for the Non-Industrial Private Forest Landowner © Phil Hurvitz, Wffa_ ppt 33 Potential GPS error sources Landscape features Natural & artificial features can intercept signals Mountains, valleys, hills, buildings, tree canopies, etc._

GIS & GPS for the Non-Industrial Private Forest Landowner © Phil Hurvitz, Wffa_ ppt 34 Potential GPS error sources Multipath errors Natural & artificial features can reflect signals Multiple “ghost” signals can confound timing_

GIS & GPS for the Non-Industrial Private Forest Landowner © Phil Hurvitz, Wffa_ ppt 35 How can GPS support the NIPF? Harvest unit layout Obtain boundaries in the field for mapping Inventory plot layout and relocation Significantly speed up any surveying or navigation mission Potentially increase the accuracy & precision of a survey

GIS & GPS for the Non-Industrial Private Forest Landowner © Phil Hurvitz, Wffa_ ppt 36 Resources: Software Free ESRI ArcExplorer AutoDesk VoloView Express Landscape Management System Envision (forest visualization)

GIS & GPS for the Non-Industrial Private Forest Landowner © Phil Hurvitz, Wffa_ ppt 37 Resources: Software $$ ESRI ArcView & ArcGIS AutoCAD Map MapInfo

GIS & GPS for the Non-Industrial Private Forest Landowner © Phil Hurvitz, Wffa_ ppt 38 Resources: Tutorials GIS (ArcView) ESRI Virtual Campus (various software) CFR 250 (UW Course, ArcView 3.2) GPS Trimble

GIS & GPS for the Non-Industrial Private Forest Landowner © Phil Hurvitz, Wffa_ ppt 39 Resources: Free Geospatial Data TerraServer (digital orthophotos) UW Map Library (lots of data) USGS GeoData (some data require $$ software) Oregon Geospatial Data Clearinghouse

GIS & GPS for the Non-Industrial Private Forest Landowner © Phil Hurvitz, Wffa_ ppt 40 Hands-on workshop Download and view data GPS pre-planning Data collection & navigation Differential correction Import GPS data to GIS