Topic: All about Acids Do Now:

IDENTIFY an Acid Covalent Formulas that start with H (exception: H 2 O 2 and H 2 O) or end with COOH Table K

Acids Properties of Acids 1.Sour taste 2.Electrolytes: - ionize in water =conduct electric current - HCl  H + (aq) + Cl - (aq) - HNO 3  H + (aq) + NO 3 - (aq) 3.React with bases to form water and salt (Neutralization Reaction) 4.React with most metals to produce H 2 (g) and a salt 1.Why not all metals? HINT: Table J dd 5.Acids turn litmus red HCl + Mg  MgCl 2 + H 2 2

Arrhenius Acid Substance that contains hydrogen & ionizes in water to produce H +1 ions in aqueous solution Substance that contains hydrogen & ionizes in water to produce H +1 ions in aqueous solution H +1 HCl(g)  H +1 (aq) + Cl -1 (aq) H +1 HNO 3  H +1 (aq) + NO 3 -1 (aq) An in H + ions makes the solution Acidic H2OH2O H2OH2O

Arrhenius Acid are always in water H +1 HCl(g) + H 2 O  H +1 (aq) + Cl -1 (aq) H 3 O +1 HCl(g) + H 2 O  H 3 O +1 (aq) + Cl -1 (aq) (hydronium ion) = H +

Quick check 1.According to the arrhenius theory, a substance that is classified as an acid will always yield A. H + (aq) B. K + (aq) C. F - (aq) D. X + (aq) 2.Which substance is an electrolyte and an arrhenius acid? A. LiF(aq) B. HBr (aq) C. Mg(OH) 2 (aq) D. CH 3 COH

There are limitation to this model So an alternative theory is used… Bronsted-Lowery Theory Acid = a proton donor Acid = a proton donor All Arrhenius acids = Bronsted-Lowry Acids but it includes more… All Arrhenius acids = Bronsted-Lowry Acids but it includes more… HNO 3 + H 2 O(l)  H 3 O +1 + NO 3 -1 HNO 3 = acid :NH 3 + H 2 O :NH 3 + H 2 O  NH OH -1 Who’s acts like the acid this time? H2OH2O

Water is amphoteric! Amphoteric = Substance that acts as both acid & base

Naming Binary Acids Hydro + stem of nonmetal + ic Hydro + stem of nonmetal + ic HF = ? HCl = ? H 2 S = ? Hydrofluoric acid Hydrochloric acid Hydrosulfic acid

Naming Ternary Acids polyatomic Name derived from polyatomic anion (see Table E) iteous Replace –ite with –ous, add acid HNO 2 ateic, add Replace –ate with –ic, add acid HNO 3 nitrous acid nitric acid

Ternary Acids polyatomics with S and P, make stem long again – H 3 PO 4 = phosphoric acid, not phosphic acid – H 2 SO 4 = sulfuric acid, not sulfic acid – H 2 SO 3 = sulfurous acid, not sulfous acid SEE TABLE K SEE TABLE K

Not all acids are created equal Strong acids completely dissociate – HCl  H + + Cl - – HNO 3  H + + NO 3 - – HBr  H + + Br - – HI  H + + I - Weak acids – HF – CH 3 COOH Acetic acid Ethanoic acid

Strong acid in water = almost no original HA left all converted to H 3 O + and A -

Weak Acid

Which would be a better electrolyte? HFor HI HCl or CH 3 COOH

Car Batteries Car batteries are typically made of plates of lead and separate lead dioxide plates what are submerged into an solution of about 65% water and 35% H 2 SO 4 WHY do you think this is?

REVIEW Acids: start with H or end with COOH – Produces H + ions – Proton Donor Bases: metal + OH – Produces OH - ions – Proton Acceptor