Final Jeopardy Question Constitutional Underpinnings Political Beliefs / Behaviors / Media 100 Civil Rights / Civil Liberties Executive / Legislative Branches Interest Groups / Political Parties / Elections Judiciary / The Bureaucracy 300

This was the proposal at the Constitutional Convention that proposed a central government with a single- house legislature in which each state would be represented equally. Back New Jersey Plan

This is the amendment in the Bill of Rights that reserves powers to the states. Back Tenth Amendment

Back This is one of the ways that a constitutional amendment could be proposed. 2/3 vote of both houses of Congress or a convention called by Congress at the request of legislatures in 2/3 of the states

Back These are 3 of the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation. 1. Congress couldn’t pass laws or levy taxes 2. Congress couldn’t regulate trade between states or with other nations, states taxed each other’s goods and negotiated their own trade agreements between other countries 3. Congress couldn’t forbid the states from issuing their own currencies 4. Congress had to handle all administrative duties because there was no executive branch 5. Lack of judicial system meant that national government had to rely on state courts to enforce national laws and settle disputes between states. In practice, state courts could overturn national laws.

Back This type of federalism stresses a system of intergovernmental relations in delivering governmental goods and services to the people and calls for cooperation among the federal, state, and local levels of government. Cooperative federalism

Back A woman is more likely to vote for this political party. Democratic Party

This is the most important factor in the political socialization process. Back Family

This is a term for when the media covers campaigns by comparing the standings of the candidates in the polls rather than on the issues they discuss. Back Horse-race journalism

This is the term for the measurement of relative accuracy of a public opinion poll. Back Sampling error

This is the term for the extent to which people believe issues are relevant to them. Back Salience

Back This is the term for the drawing of legislative district boundaries to benefit a party, group, or incumbent. Gerrymandering

Back This is how often congressional district boundaries are redrawn. Every 10 years

Back This is the term for a type of election that is an electoral “earthquake” where new issues emerge, new coalitions replace old ones, and the majority party is often displaced by the minority party. Critical, or realigning, election

Back This is the main way that lobbyists try to influence legislators. By providing legislators with technical information within their field of interest

Back Business Political Action Committees (PACs) representing this group have increased greatly in number in recent decades.

This is the term for formal orders issued by the president to direct action by the federal bureaucracy, which have the force of law. Back Executive orders

This is the term that describes the right of members of Congress to send mail to their constituents at the government’s expense. Back Franking privilege

Back This is the only congressional committee that can originate tax and revenue legislation. House Ways and Means Committee

Back According to the War Powers Resolution, the President can deploy troops for this long before he/she has to inform Congress about the deployment. 48 hours

Back This is the term for the procedure for terminating debate, especially filibusters, in the Senate AND how many votes are needed to invoke this procedure. Cloture, 3/5 or 60 votes

Back This is the term for the government agency or commission with regulatory power whose independence is protected by Congress, an example of which would be the Securities and Exchange Commission or the Federal Election Commission. Independent regulatory commission

Back This is the term for the type of judicial interpretation in which justices believe that the meaning of the Constitution depends on the intention of the framers. Doctrine of original intent

Back This is the means by which interest groups try to lobby courts. Amicus curiae briefs

Back Agreement among four justices on the Supreme Court is always sufficient to do this (the rule of 4). Accept a case for consideration

Back These are the three points of an iron triangle. bureaucrats, interest groups, and congressional subcommittee members

Back The “wall of separation” doctrine refers to this component of the 1st Amendment. Division of church and state; establishment clause

Back This Supreme Court case established the “clear and present danger” test that is used to decide the constitutionality of a law that limits a citizen’s First Amendment rights. Schenck v. United States

Back This is the term for censorship imposed before a speech is made or a newspaper is published, which is usually presumed to be unconstitutional. Prior restraint

Back Most of the individual protections of the Bill of Rights now apply to the states because of the Supreme Court’s interpretation of this amendment, PLUS this is what this process is called. The 14 th Amendment, selective incorporation

Back This Supreme Court case declared that flag burning is a constitutionally protected right. Texas v. Johnson

The Federalist #10 deals with this topic. Back Turn your sheets in.